Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Graphene-Oxide-Coated Metallic Materials

• Published in: Materials Vol. 14; no. 19; p. 5752
• Main Authors: Poniatowska, Aleksandra, Trzaskowska, Paulina Anna, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Ciach, Tomasz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-10-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Adhesion tests; Biocompatibility; biocompatible coatings; Biological properties; Cell adhesion; Cell growth; chemical modification of gold; Coatings; Contact angle; Electrophoretic deposition; Ethanol; Gold; Graphene; graphene oxide; Laboratories; metal implants; Penicillin; Phenols; Spectrometry; Spectrum analysis; Stainless steel; stainless steel 316L; Stainless steels; Toxicity; Poland; United States > US; Germany; stainless steel 316L; chemical modification of gold; graphene oxide; electrophoretic deposition; metal implants; biocompatible coatings
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma14195752

In this article, we present graphene oxide (produced by a modified Hummers' method) coatings obtained using two different methods: electrophoretic deposition on 316L stainless steel and chemical modification of the surface of gold applied to the steel. The coating properties were characterized by microscopic and spectrometric techniques. The contact angle was also determined, ranging from 50° to 70°. Our results indicated that GO coatings on steel and gold were not toxic towards L929 cells in a direct cell adhesion test-on all tested materials, it was possible to observe the growth of L929 cells during 48 h of culture. The lack of toxic effect on cells was also confirmed in two viability tests, XTT and MTT. For most of the tested materials, the cell viability was above 70%. They showed that the stability of the coating is the crucial factor for such GO coatings, and prove that GO in the form of coating is non-toxic; however, it can show toxicity if detached from the surface. The obtained materials also did not show any hemolytic properties, as the percentage of hemolysis was on the level of the negative control, which is very promising in the light of future potential applications.