Concepts of nanoparticle cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and kinetics in nanomedicine

• Published in: Advanced drug delivery reviews Vol. 143; pp. 68 - 96
• Main Authors: Donahue, Nathan D., Acar, Handan, Wilhelm, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-03-2019
• Subjects: Animals; Biological Transport; Cellular uptake; Endocytosis; Endosomal escape; Exocytosis; Humans; Immunoengineering; Intracellular pharmacokinetics; Intracellular trafficking; Kinetics; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticle; Nanoparticles - metabolism; Nucleic acid delivery; Organelle targeting; Phagocytosis; siRNA delivery; Stimuli-responsive modifications; Nucleic acid delivery; Nanoparticle; Immunoengineering; Exocytosis; Endosomal escape; Endocytosis; Cellular uptake; Stimuli-responsive modifications; Intracellular pharmacokinetics; Organelle targeting; Intracellular trafficking; siRNA delivery; Nanomedicine; Phagocytosis
• ISSN: 0169-409X; 1872-8294
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.008

Nanoparticle-based therapeutics and diagnostics are commonly referred to as nanomedicine and may significantly impact the future of healthcare. However, the clinical translation of these technologies is challenging. One of these challenges is the efficient delivery of nanoparticles to specific cell populations and subcellular targets in the body to elicit desired biological and therapeutic responses. It is critical for researchers to understand the fundamental concepts of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems to predict and control in vivo nanoparticle transport for improved clinical benefit. In this overview article, we review and discuss cellular internalization pathways, summarize the field`s understanding of how nanoparticle physicochemical properties affect cellular interactions, and explore and discuss intracellular nanoparticle trafficking and kinetics. Our overview may provide a valuable resource for researchers and may inspire new studies to expand our current understanding of nanotechnology-biology interactions at cellular and subcellular levels with the goal to improve clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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