Factors affecting the formation of organic by-products during water chlorination: A bench-scale study

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution Vol. 159; no. 1-4; pp. 357 - 371
• Main Authors: NIKOLAOU, Anastasia D, GOLFINOPOULOS, Spyros K, LEKKAS, Themistokles D, ARHONDITSIS, George B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer 01-11-2004; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Applied sciences; By products; Chlorination; Chlorine; Drinking water; Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination; Environmental monitoring; Exact sciences and technology; Haloacetic acids; Pollution; Rivers; Statistical analysis; Trihalomethanes; Water treatment; Water treatment and pollution; Water treatment plants; Chlorination; Nitrile; haloketones; Pollutant formation; Trihalomethane; Multivariate analysis; gas chromatography; Carboxylic acid; chlorination by-products; Stream; haloacetic acids; Organic compounds; Halogen Organic compounds; Drinking water treatment; Factor analysis; Statistical analysis; Chlorine; Reaction product; Disinfection; Haloketone; Ketone; water; Operating conditions; Surface water; trihalomethanes
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1023/B:WATE.0000049189.61762.61

The formation of chlorination by-products (CBPs) was investigated through bench-scale chlorination experiments with river water. The compounds selected for analysis belonged to the groups of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloketones and haloacetonitriles. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were the major species formed during chlorination, while haloketones and haloacetonitriles occurred at lower levels. The factors affecting the formation of these compounds were examined by two sets of experiments; the first with varying pH and reaction time, and the second with varying chlorine dose and temperature. Different effects of these factors were observed for different categories of CBPs, and in many cases, these effects were compound-specific, as confirmed by statistical analysis. Optimization of chlorination conditions in water treatment plants is a critical issue that should take into account the influence of chlorination parameters on the formation of individual CBPs.