Designing Functional Fruit-Based Recovery Drinks in Powder Form That Contain Electrolytes, Peptides, Carbohydrates and Prebiotic Fiber Taking into Account Each Component’s Osmolality

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 18; p. 5607
• Main Authors: Sadowska, Anna, Świderski, Franciszek, Kulik, Klaudia, Waszkiewicz-Robak, Bożena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 15-09-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Ascorbic acid; Beverages; Calories; Carbohydrates; Collagen; Composition; Electrolyte balance; Electrolytes; Fluidized beds; Food preservation; Freeze drying; Fruits; Glucose; Glycemic index; High performance liquid chromatography; Hydration; Liquid chromatography; Magnesium; Methods; Nutrients; osmolality; Peptides; Polyphenols; Potassium; Prebiotics; Proteins; raspberries powders; recovery drinks; Recovery of function; Salts; Sensory properties; Sodium; Spectrophotometry; Sports drinks; Whey; Whey protein
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185607

High levels of osmolalities have been found in manufactured carbohydrate-based functional drinks that occasionally include added protein; however, fruit components rich in bioactive ingredients have been absent. It has proved difficult to obtain recovery drinks based on natural fruit components that deliver calories and nutrients to the body whilst simultaneously ensuring that the body is adequately hydrated after physical exertion; the problem being that it is difficult to ensure the drinks’ stability at low pH levels and maintain an appropriate sensory quality. This study aims to develop drinks based on natural fruit components that contain added electrolytes, carbohydrates, prebiotic fiber and protein; an improved water and electrolyte balance; the calories needed after intense physical exertion; a high content of nutrients; and a favorable sensory quality. Furthermore, the relationships between regressive osmolalities of beverage components are herein investigated. The study materials were raspberry powders (prepared via fluidized-bed jet milling, drying, freeze-drying and spray-drying) as well as citrated sodium, potassium, magnesium salts, isomaltulose, hydrolyzed collagen, whey protein isolate and prebiotic fiber. The drinks’ polyphenols and antioxidant properties were measured spectrophotometrically, whilst vitamin C content was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The sensory qualities of each drink were assessed according to a scaling method. Six test versions of recovery drinks were prepared in which osmolalities ranged from 388 to 607 mOsm/kg water, total polyphenol content was 27–49 mg GAE/100 mL and vitamin C level was 8.1–20.6 mg/100 mL, following compositions defined by the study results. It is thus possible to obtain fruit-based recovery drinks of the recommended osmolality that contain added protein, prebiotics and fiber, as well as defined amounts of electrolytes and carbohydrates. All drinks were found to have a satisfactorily sensory quality. The design of appropriate recovery drink compositions was also greatly helped by investigating the relationships among the regressive osmolalities of beverage components (i.e., electrolytes, carbohydrates, fruit powders and protein).