Three years into the pandemic: results of the longitudinal German COPSY study on youth mental health and health-related quality of life
For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY ( ) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May-June 2020 (W1), December 2020-J...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in public health Vol. 11; p. 1129073 |
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| Abstract | For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY (
) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May-June 2020 (W1), December 2020-January 2021 (W2), September-October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September-October 2022 (W5). In total,
= 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (
= 1,673 aged 11-17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data.
While the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30-31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32-44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises.
Mental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic. |
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| AbstractList | PurposeFor the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY (COVID-19 and PSYchological Health) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May–June 2020 (W1), December 2020–January 2021 (W2), September–October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September–October 2022 (W5). In total, n = 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years (n = 1,673 aged 11–17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data.ResultsWhile the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30–31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32–44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises.ConclusionMental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic. For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY ( ) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May-June 2020 (W1), December 2020-January 2021 (W2), September-October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September-October 2022 (W5). In total, = 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years ( = 1,673 aged 11-17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data. While the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30-31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32-44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises. Mental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic. |
| Author | Walper, Sabine Erhart, Michael Saftig, Lynn Hurrelmann, Klaus Napp, Ann-Kathrin Gilbert, Martha Devine, Janine Löffler, Constanze Kaman, Anne Wieler, Lothar Heinz Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike Hölling, Heike Schlack, Robert Reiß, Franziska Simon, Anja Miriam |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany 7 Department of Public Health, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences , Berlin , Germany 8 Department of Psychology, Apollon University of Applied Sciences , Bremen , Germany 2 Infratest dimap , Berlin , Germany 4 German Youth Institute , Munich , Germany 6 Research Cluster Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany 3 Hertie School , Berlin , Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany – name: 7 Department of Public Health, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences , Berlin , Germany – name: 6 Research Cluster Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany – name: 3 Hertie School , Berlin , Germany – name: 8 Department of Psychology, Apollon University of Applied Sciences , Bremen , Germany – name: 2 Infratest dimap , Berlin , Germany – name: 5 Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany – name: 4 German Youth Institute , Munich , Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ulrike surname: Ravens-Sieberer fullname: Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Janine surname: Devine fullname: Devine, Janine organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Ann-Kathrin surname: Napp fullname: Napp, Ann-Kathrin organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Anne surname: Kaman fullname: Kaman, Anne organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Lynn surname: Saftig fullname: Saftig, Lynn organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Martha surname: Gilbert fullname: Gilbert, Martha organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Franziska surname: Reiß fullname: Reiß, Franziska organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 8 givenname: Constanze surname: Löffler fullname: Löffler, Constanze organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Anja Miriam surname: Simon fullname: Simon, Anja Miriam organization: Infratest dimap, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Klaus surname: Hurrelmann fullname: Hurrelmann, Klaus organization: Hertie School, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 11 givenname: Sabine surname: Walper fullname: Walper, Sabine organization: German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany – sequence: 12 givenname: Robert surname: Schlack fullname: Schlack, Robert organization: Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 13 givenname: Heike surname: Hölling fullname: Hölling, Heike organization: Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 14 givenname: Lothar Heinz surname: Wieler fullname: Wieler, Lothar Heinz organization: Research Cluster Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany – sequence: 15 givenname: Michael surname: Erhart fullname: Erhart, Michael organization: Department of Psychology, Apollon University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Ravens-Sieberer, Devine, Napp, Kaman, Saftig, Gilbert, Reiß, Löffler, Simon, Hurrelmann, Walper, Schlack, Hölling, Wieler and Erhart. Copyright © 2023 Ravens-Sieberer, Devine, Napp, Kaman, Saftig, Gilbert, Reiß, Löffler, Simon, Hurrelmann, Walper, Schlack, Hölling, Wieler and Erhart. 2023 Ravens-Sieberer, Devine, Napp, Kaman, Saftig, Gilbert, Reiß, Löffler, Simon, Hurrelmann, Walper, Schlack, Hölling, Wieler and Erhart |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 children and adolescents longitudinal pandemic mental health |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Jing Wu, Tianjin University, China Reviewed by: Arlette Setiawan, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia; Preeti Manmohan Galagali, Bengaluru Adolescent Care and Counselling Centre, India; Júlia Cassuriaga, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil |
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| Title | Three years into the pandemic: results of the longitudinal German COPSY study on youth mental health and health-related quality of life |
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