Sex-Biased Population Admixture Mediated Subsistence Strategy Transition of Heishuiguo People in Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor
The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the driv...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in genetics Vol. 13; p. 827277 |
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| Abstract | The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the drivers of this transition remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze the Y-chromosome and mtDNA of 31 Han Dynasty individuals from the Heishuiguo site, located in the center of the Hexi Corridor. A high-resolution analysis of 485 Y-SNPs and mitogenomes was performed, with the Heishuiguo population classified into Early Han and Late Han groups. It is revealed that (1) when dissecting genetic lineages, the Yellow River Basin origin haplogroups (i.e., Oα-M117, Oβ-F46, Oγ-IMS-JST002611, and O2-P164+, M134-) reached relatively high frequencies for the paternal gene pools, while haplogroups of north East Asian origin (e.g., D4 and D5) dominated on the maternal side; (2) in interpopulation comparison using PCA and
heatmap, the Heishuiguo population shifted from Southern-Northern Han cline to Northern-Northwestern Han/Hui cline with time, indicating genetic admixture between Yellow River immigrants and natives. By comparison, in maternal mtDNA views, the Heishuiguo population was closely clustered with certain Mongolic-speaking and Northwestern Han populations and exhibited genetic continuity through the Han Dynasty, which suggests that Heishuiguo females originated from local or neighboring regions. Therefore, a sex-biased admixture pattern is observed in the Heishuiguo population. Additionally, genetic contour maps also reveal the same male-dominated migration from the East to Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. This is also consistent with historical records, especially excavated bamboo slips. Combining historical records, archeological findings, stable isotope analysis, and paleoenvironmental studies, our uniparental genetic investigation on the Heishuiguo population reveals how male-dominated migration accompanied with lifestyle adjustments brought by these eastern groups may be the main factor affecting the subsistence strategy transition along the Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor. |
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| AbstractList | The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the drivers of this transition remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze the Y-chromosome and mtDNA of 31 Han Dynasty individuals from the Heishuiguo site, located in the center of the Hexi Corridor. A high-resolution analysis of 485 Y-SNPs and mitogenomes was performed, with the Heishuiguo population classified into Early Han and Late Han groups. It is revealed that (1) when dissecting genetic lineages, the Yellow River Basin origin haplogroups (i.e., Oα-M117, Oβ-F46, Oγ-IMS-JST002611, and O2-P164+, M134-) reached relatively high frequencies for the paternal gene pools, while haplogroups of north East Asian origin (e.g., D4 and D5) dominated on the maternal side; (2) in interpopulation comparison using PCA and
Fst
heatmap, the Heishuiguo population shifted from Southern-Northern Han cline to Northern-Northwestern Han/Hui cline with time, indicating genetic admixture between Yellow River immigrants and natives. By comparison, in maternal mtDNA views, the Heishuiguo population was closely clustered with certain Mongolic-speaking and Northwestern Han populations and exhibited genetic continuity through the Han Dynasty, which suggests that Heishuiguo females originated from local or neighboring regions. Therefore, a sex-biased admixture pattern is observed in the Heishuiguo population. Additionally, genetic contour maps also reveal the same male-dominated migration from the East to Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. This is also consistent with historical records, especially excavated bamboo slips. Combining historical records, archeological findings, stable isotope analysis, and paleoenvironmental studies, our uniparental genetic investigation on the Heishuiguo population reveals how male-dominated migration accompanied with lifestyle adjustments brought by these eastern groups may be the main factor affecting the subsistence strategy transition along the Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor. The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the drivers of this transition remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze the Y-chromosome and mtDNA of 31 Han Dynasty individuals from the Heishuiguo site, located in the center of the Hexi Corridor. A high-resolution analysis of 485 Y-SNPs and mitogenomes was performed, with the Heishuiguo population classified into Early Han and Late Han groups. It is revealed that (1) when dissecting genetic lineages, the Yellow River Basin origin haplogroups (i.e., Oα-M117, Oβ-F46, Oγ-IMS-JST002611, and O2-P164+, M134-) reached relatively high frequencies for the paternal gene pools, while haplogroups of north East Asian origin (e.g., D4 and D5) dominated on the maternal side; (2) in interpopulation comparison using PCA and heatmap, the Heishuiguo population shifted from Southern-Northern Han cline to Northern-Northwestern Han/Hui cline with time, indicating genetic admixture between Yellow River immigrants and natives. By comparison, in maternal mtDNA views, the Heishuiguo population was closely clustered with certain Mongolic-speaking and Northwestern Han populations and exhibited genetic continuity through the Han Dynasty, which suggests that Heishuiguo females originated from local or neighboring regions. Therefore, a sex-biased admixture pattern is observed in the Heishuiguo population. Additionally, genetic contour maps also reveal the same male-dominated migration from the East to Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. This is also consistent with historical records, especially excavated bamboo slips. Combining historical records, archeological findings, stable isotope analysis, and paleoenvironmental studies, our uniparental genetic investigation on the Heishuiguo population reveals how male-dominated migration accompanied with lifestyle adjustments brought by these eastern groups may be the main factor affecting the subsistence strategy transition along the Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor. The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the drivers of this transition remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze the Y-chromosome and mtDNA of 31 Han Dynasty individuals from the Heishuiguo site, located in the center of the Hexi Corridor. A high-resolution analysis of 485 Y-SNPs and mitogenomes was performed, with the Heishuiguo population classified into Early Han and Late Han groups. It is revealed that (1) when dissecting genetic lineages, the Yellow River Basin origin haplogroups (i.e., Oα-M117, Oβ-F46, Oγ-IMS-JST002611, and O2-P164+, M134-) reached relatively high frequencies for the paternal gene pools, while haplogroups of north East Asian origin (e.g., D4 and D5) dominated on the maternal side; (2) in interpopulation comparison using PCA and Fst heatmap, the Heishuiguo population shifted from Southern-Northern Han cline to Northern-Northwestern Han/Hui cline with time, indicating genetic admixture between Yellow River immigrants and natives. By comparison, in maternal mtDNA views, the Heishuiguo population was closely clustered with certain Mongolic-speaking and Northwestern Han populations and exhibited genetic continuity through the Han Dynasty, which suggests that Heishuiguo females originated from local or neighboring regions. Therefore, a sex-biased admixture pattern is observed in the Heishuiguo population. Additionally, genetic contour maps also reveal the same male-dominated migration from the East to Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. This is also consistent with historical records, especially excavated bamboo slips. Combining historical records, archeological findings, stable isotope analysis, and paleoenvironmental studies, our uniparental genetic investigation on the Heishuiguo population reveals how male-dominated migration accompanied with lifestyle adjustments brought by these eastern groups may be the main factor affecting the subsistence strategy transition along the Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor. |
| Author | Wang, Hui Chen, Guoke Zhou, Boyan Zou, Yetao Li, Hui Xu, Yiran Tao, Yichen Chang, Xin Sun, Chang Xiong, Jianxue Yang, Yishi Du, Panxin Wen, Shaoqing Yu, Yao Zhou, Juanjuan Tan, Jingze Allen, Edward Meng, Hailiang |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Gansu Province , Lanzhou , China 4 Institute of Archaeological Science , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 3 Division of Biostatistics , Department of Population Health , School of Medicine , New York University , New York , NY , United States 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology , Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics , School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 5 Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations (BRAAC) , Fudan University , Shanghai , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology , Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics , School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China – name: 5 Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations (BRAAC) , Fudan University , Shanghai , China – name: 4 Institute of Archaeological Science , Fudan University , Shanghai , China – name: 3 Division of Biostatistics , Department of Population Health , School of Medicine , New York University , New York , NY , United States – name: 2 Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Gansu Province , Lanzhou , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jianxue surname: Xiong fullname: Xiong, Jianxue organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Panxin surname: Du fullname: Du, Panxin organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Guoke surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Guoke organization: Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yichen surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Yichen organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Boyan surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Boyan organization: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Yishi surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yishi organization: Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Hui surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hui organization: Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations (BRAAC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Yao surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Yao organization: Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Xin surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Xin organization: Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Edward surname: Allen fullname: Allen, Edward organization: Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Chang surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Chang organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Juanjuan surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Juanjuan organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Yetao surname: Zou fullname: Zou, Yetao organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 14 givenname: Yiran surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yiran organization: Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 15 givenname: Hailiang surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Hailiang organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 16 givenname: Jingze surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Jingze organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 17 givenname: Hui surname: Li fullname: Li, Hui organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 18 givenname: Shaoqing surname: Wen fullname: Wen, Shaoqing organization: Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations (BRAAC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356424$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Xiong, Du, Chen, Tao, Zhou, Yang, Wang, Yu, Chang, Allen, Sun, Zhou, Zou, Xu, Meng, Tan, Li and Wen. Copyright © 2022 Xiong, Du, Chen, Tao, Zhou, Yang, Wang, Yu, Chang, Allen, Sun, Zhou, Zou, Xu, Meng, Tan, Li and Wen. 2022 Xiong, Du, Chen, Tao, Zhou, Yang, Wang, Yu, Chang, Allen, Sun, Zhou, Zou, Xu, Meng, Tan, Li and Wen |
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| Keywords | ancient DNA sex-biased admixture subsistence strategy mitogenome Y chromosome Hexi Corridor |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Levon Yepiskoposyan, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Armenia These authors have contributed equally to this work This article was submitted to Evolutionary and Population Genetics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics Jiang Huang, Guizhou Medical University, China Edited by: Marc Via, University of Barcelona, Spain |
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| Title | Sex-Biased Population Admixture Mediated Subsistence Strategy Transition of Heishuiguo People in Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor |
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