Carbohydrate Administration and Exercise Performance: What Are the Potential Mechanisms Involved?

Carbohydrate Administration and Exercise Performance What Are the Potential Mechanisms Involved?

It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism( s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on p...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sports medicine (Auckland) Vol. 40; no. 9; pp. 747 - 763
Main Authors: Karelis, Antony D., Smith, John Eric W., Passe, Dennis H., Péronnet, Francois
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-09-2010
Adis International
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Exercise tests
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Health aspects
Humans
Hypoglycemia - metabolism
Hypoglycemia - prevention & control
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Methods
Muscle Fatigue
Physical Endurance - physiology
Physiological aspects
Review Article
Sports Medicine
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
United States
Prolonged Exercise
Exercise Performance
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Fatigue
Physical exercise
Human
Excitation contraction coupling
Physical performance
Fatigue
Carbohydrate
Review
Glycemia
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism( s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the Na + /K + pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance.
AbstractList It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism(s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the Na+/K+ pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance.
It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism( s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the Na + /K + pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance.
It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism(s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the Na super(+)/K super(+) pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance.
It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism(s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+] pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance.
It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism(s), which could mediate the improvement in exercise performance associated with CHO administration, however, remain(s) unclear. This review focuses on possible underlying mechanisms that could explain the increase in exercise performance observed with the administration of CHO during prolonged muscle contractions in humans and animals. The beneficial effect of CHO ingestion on performance during prolonged exercise could be due to several factors including (i) an attenuation in central fatigue; (ii) a better maintenance of CHO oxidation rates; (iii) muscle glycogen sparing; (iv) changes in muscle metabolite levels; (v) reduced exercise-induced strain; and (vi) a better maintenance of excitation-contraction coupling. In general, the literature indicates that CHO ingestion during exercise does not reduce the utilization of muscle glycogen. In addition, data from a meta-analysis suggest that a dose-dependent relationship was not shown between CHO ingestion during exercise and an increase in performance. This could support the idea that providing enough CHO to maintain CHO oxidation during exercise may not always be associated with an increase in performance. Emerging evidence from the literature shows that increasing neural drive and attenuating central fatigue may play an important role in increasing performance during exercise with CHO supplementation. In addition, CHO administration during exercise appears to provide protection from disrupted cell homeostasis/integrity, which could translate into better muscle function and an increase in performance. Finally, it appears that during prolonged exercise when the ability of metabolism to match energy demand is exceeded, adjustments seem to be made in the activity of the Na+/K+ pump. Therefore, muscle fatigue could be acting as a protective mechanism during prolonged contractions. This could be alleviated when CHO is administered resulting in the better maintenance of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. The mechanism(s) by which CHO administration increases performance during prolonged exercise is(are) complex, likely involving multiple factors acting at numerous cellular sites. In addition, due to the large variation in types of exercise, durations, intensities, feeding schedules and CHO types it is difficult to assess if the mechanism(s) that could explain the increase in performance with CHO administration during exercise is(are) similar in different situations. Experiments concerning the identification of potential mechanism(s) by which performance is increased with CHO administration during exercise will add to our understanding of the mechanism(s) of muscle/central fatigue. This knowledge could have significant implications for improving exercise performance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience Professional
Academic
Author Karelis, Antony D.
Péronnet, Francois
Smith, John Eric W.
Passe, Dennis H.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Antony D.
  surname: Karelis
  fullname: Karelis, Antony D.
  email: karelis.antony@uqam.ca
  organization: Department of Kinesiology, University of Quebec at Montreal
– sequence: 2
  givenname: John Eric W.
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, John Eric W.
  organization: Gatorade Sports Science Institute
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Dennis H.
  surname: Passe
  fullname: Passe, Dennis H.
  organization: Scout Consulting, LLC
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Francois
  surname: Péronnet
  fullname: Péronnet, Francois
  organization: Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23264356$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726621$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkV1vFCEUhompsdvqXzATjfFqKt8wl5tN_Uia6IVeEwYOlWYGKuwm7b-XdXbbaEwKFxzgecl7eM_QScoJEOoIvqBEig-ECMawxj0-jqV6hlaEqKGnmIkTtMKE0J5ITk_RWa03DRCa0xfolGJFpaRkhfjGljH_vPfFbqFb-zmmWLdtE3PqbPLd5R0UFyt036CEXGabHLxEz4OdKrw6rOfox8fL75vP_dXXT18266vecSm2PWABTgkllRtsINL7wBX1VHCtRwDJpMQD1cBHOsAoJJVestA8j8wzGDA7R--Xd29L_rWDujVzrA6mySbIu2o0EYIzxeiTpOJ6UFQJ2cg3_5A3eVdSa6NBEnPOpG7Q2wW6thOYmEJuX-L2T5o1ZXunig2NuvgP1aaHObqWWIjt_C-BXgSu5FoLBHNb4mzLvSHY7IM1x2DNQ7BL1aSvD7Z34wz-QXhMsgHvDoCtzk6htKBifeQYlZz96X9YuNqu0jWUx_6fNPEbsUC4pA
CODEN SPMEE7
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00064-9
10.1055/s-2007-964987
10.1111/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00134.x
10.1097/00005768-199811000-00011
10.1249/00005768-199507000-00015
10.2165/00007256-200029030-00004
10.1097/00005768-199808000-00017
10.1097/00005768-199611000-00005
10.1249/01.MSS.0000152803.35130.A4
10.1080/02640419508732241
10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb3e3
10.1249/00005768-199010000-00013
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04260.x
10.1055/s-2008-1025656
10.1111/j.1365-201X.1999.00571.x
10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0177o.x
10.1080/1071576031000136559
10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19
10.1007/s004210100513
10.1055/s-2007-973038
10.1139/h05-108
10.1007/BF02330701
10.1097/00005768-200204000-00025
10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816d679b
10.1055/s-2007-1025032
10.1007/BF00236060
10.1097/00005768-199611000-00006
10.2165/00007256-199825010-00002
10.1113/jphysiol.2002.028084
10.1080/02640410701459730
10.2337/diacare.21.3.341
10.1152/ajpregu.00701.2006
10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079939
10.1007/s00421-004-1273-4
10.1080/02640418908729817
10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.057
10.1007/BF00602357
10.2165/00007256-200939050-00005
10.1002/jnr.21274
10.1249/01.mss.0000191437.69493.d4
10.3109/00365516709090629
10.1249/00003677-199101000-00001
10.1007/BF02396594
10.1152/japplphysiol.01170.2006
10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a
10.1038/242198a0
10.1152/japplphysiol.00908.2007
10.1249/00005768-198820020-00002
10.1097/00005768-199909000-00008
10.1007/BF00572186
10.1152/japplphysiol.01440.2006
10.1007/BF00846030
10.1080/10725760500317536
10.2165/00007256-200737040-00036
10.1007/BF00418463
10.1055/s-2002-29078
10.1055/s-2007-972607
10.1056/NEJM198204153061503
10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0298f.x
10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2007
10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00859.x
10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0215r.x
10.1046/j.1365-201X.1996.191000.x
10.1113/eph8702391
10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2006
10.1379/CSC-24R1.1
10.1063/1.373729
10.1055/s-2006-924515
10.1161/01.RES.77.1.88
10.1139/h05-128
10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017
10.2165/00007256-200737120-00005
10.1055/s-2008-1025666
10.1097/00005768-199701000-00008
10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.49
10.1249/00003677-198700150-00004
10.1249/01.MSS.0000058433.85789.66
10.1249/00005768-198802000-00004
10.1249/MSS.0b013e318182a9c7
10.1080/026404197367506
10.1007/BF00863402
10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0305k.x
10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.5.C834
10.1249/00005768-198315060-00005
10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019960
10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1083
10.1152/physrev.1983.63.4.1481
10.1123/ijsn.5.2.151
10.1249/00005768-198406000-00004
10.1152/physrev.1994.74.1.49
10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.1.C71
10.1123/ijsn.7.4.261
10.2165/00007256-199111010-00002
10.1152/jappl.1991.71.3.1082
10.1249/00005768-199502000-00009
10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.1843
10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.989
10.1249/00005768-198702000-00007
10.1123/ijsn.1.4.338
10.1123/ijsn.5.4.329
10.1123/ijsn.5.3.215
10.1249/mss.0b013e3181586b2c
10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021838
10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.391
10.1123/ijsnem.10.3.326
10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.3.E479
10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2003
10.1249/00005768-199106000-00010
10.1093/ajcn/58.2.235
10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.97
10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1411
10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1703
10.1123/ijsnem.17.5.478
10.1123/ijsn.2.4.317
10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.801
10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.165
10.1123/ijsnem.15.3.220
10.1249/00005768-199506000-00013
10.1249/00005768-198712000-00010
10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021046
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2125
10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2002
10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003981
10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2644
10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.983
10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.113
10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.730
10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1477
10.1249/00005768-199208000-00016
10.1152/jappl.1978.45.3.425
10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1553
10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1576
10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1952
10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2388
10.1152/ajpcell.00490.2001
10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.766
10.1249/01.MSS.0000147585.65709.6F
10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2220
10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.230
10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1845
10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019547
10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.2998
10.1123/ijsn.3.2.127
10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2002
10.1113/jphysiol.1932.sp002949
10.1152/jappl.1996.81.3.1115
10.1123/ijsn.2.3.239
10.1249/00005768-198702000-00008
10.1123/ijsn.3.4.408
10.1093/ajcn/48.4.1023
10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.834
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Adis Data Information BV 2010
2015 INIST-CNRS
COPYRIGHT 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International Sep 2010
Copyright_xml – notice: Adis Data Information BV 2010
– notice: 2015 INIST-CNRS
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
– notice: Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International Sep 2010
DBID IQODW
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
4T-
7QP
7RV
7TS
7U9
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
BENPR
CCPQU
FYUFA
GHDGH
H94
K9.
KB0
M0S
M1P
M7N
NAPCQ
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
DOI 10.2165/11533080-000000000-00000
DatabaseName Pascal-Francis
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Docstoc
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Physical Education Index
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
Physical Education Index
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Docstoc
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE

Physical Education Index

ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: ECM
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&site=ehost-live
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1179-2035
EndPage 763
ExternalDocumentID 2115428361
A235626739
10_2165_11533080_000000000_00000
20726621
23264356
Genre Journal Article
Review
GeographicLocations United States
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States
GroupedDBID ---
-5G
-BR
-EM
.GJ
.L3
123
186
199
1CY
1KJ
2JN
2JY
2KG
2LR
34G
354
36B
39C
3V.
4.4
406
53G
6I2
6PF
7RV
7X7
85S
88E
8FI
8FJ
8R4
8R5
8UJ
95.
AAAUJ
AAAVM
AABHQ
AABYN
AADNT
AAFGU
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJKR
AAJWC
AAKAS
AAKSU
AAPBV
AAQQT
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWTL
AAYFA
AAYJJ
AAYQN
AAYTO
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFGW
ABFTV
ABIPD
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKAS
ABKCH
ABKMS
ABKTR
ABMQK
ABPLI
ABPTK
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABUWG
ABXPI
ACBMV
ACBRV
ACBYP
ACCUX
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGUR
ACHSB
ACIGE
ACIPQ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACPRK
ACREN
ACTTH
ACUDM
ACVWB
ACWMK
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADHHG
ADJJI
ADKNI
ADMDM
ADOXG
ADQRH
ADRFC
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADYOE
ADZCM
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEEQQ
AEFTE
AEJHL
AEJRE
AENEX
AEOHA
AEPKY
AEPYU
AERZD
AESKC
AESTI
AEVTX
AEYRQ
AFAFS
AFKRA
AFNRJ
AFQWF
AFRAH
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGGBP
AGJBK
AGKHE
AGMZJ
AGNAY
AGQMX
AHIZS
AHMBA
AHSBF
AIAKS
AILAN
AIMYW
AITGF
AJDOV
AJZVZ
AKQUC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
ASKOH
ASPBG
AUKKA
AVWKF
AXYYD
AZFZN
A~4
BENPR
BGNMA
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CAG
CCPQU
COF
CS3
DCUDU
DPUIP
DU5
EBLON
EBS
EJD
EMOBN
EX3
F5P
FD6
FINBP
FNLPD
FSGXE
FYUFA
GGCAI
GNWQR
GRRUI
HF~
HG6
HMCUK
H~9
IAO
IEA
IHR
IKXTQ
IMOTQ
INH
INR
ITC
IWAJR
J-C
JZLTJ
KOV
LLZTM
M1P
M4Y
NAPCQ
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O9J
OAC
OHH
OHT
OVD
P2P
PCD
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PT4
Q2X
R2J
ROL
RSV
RZALA
S16
SCLPG
SDE
SISQX
SNE
SNPRN
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
STPWE
TEORI
TN5
TSG
TWZ
U9L
UAP
UAX
UG4
UKHRP
UKR
UNUBA
UOJIU
UTJUX
VDBLX
W48
WF8
WH7
WOW
YCJ
YFH
YQY
YYQ
Z5O
Z7R
Z7S
Z7U
Z7W
Z7X
Z81
Z82
Z83
Z87
Z88
ZGI
ZMTXR
ZOVNA
ZXP
~JE
IQODW
0R~
AAJBT
AAYZH
ABAKF
ACAOD
ACZOJ
AEFQL
AEMSY
AFBBN
AGQEE
AGRTI
ALIPV
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
SJYHP
AACDK
AAEOY
AAEWM
AASML
AAYXX
ABWHX
ACDTI
AIGIU
AJOOF
CITATION
FIGPU
4T-
7QP
7TS
7U9
7XB
8FK
H94
K9.
M7N
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-e05ec75767c9af16ddf472d25488bee63660928e4b29eb5626d63f112b3d3e903
IEDL.DBID AEJHL
ISSN 0112-1642
IngestDate Fri Oct 25 05:03:36 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 23:53:19 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 18:42:10 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 19 21:01:18 EST 2024
Tue Nov 12 23:09:22 EST 2024
Fri Nov 22 00:55:02 EST 2024
Tue Oct 15 23:37:47 EDT 2024
Sun Oct 22 16:06:45 EDT 2023
Sat Dec 16 12:06:39 EST 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 9
Keywords Prolonged Exercise
Exercise Performance
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Fatigue
Physical exercise
Human
Excitation contraction coupling
Physical performance
Fatigue
Carbohydrate
Review
Glycemia
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c465t-e05ec75767c9af16ddf472d25488bee63660928e4b29eb5626d63f112b3d3e903
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
PMID 20726621
PQID 746044368
PQPubID 32197
PageCount 17
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_815543732
proquest_miscellaneous_748972756
proquest_journals_746044368
gale_infotracmisc_A235626739
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A235626739
crossref_primary_10_2165_11533080_000000000_00000
pubmed_primary_20726621
pascalfrancis_primary_23264356
springer_journals_10_2165_11533080_000000000_00000
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2010-Sep-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2010-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2010
  text: 2010-Sep-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cham
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cham
– name: Auckland
– name: New Zealand
PublicationTitle Sports medicine (Auckland)
PublicationTitleAbbrev Sports Med
PublicationTitleAlternate Sports Med
PublicationYear 2010
Publisher Springer International Publishing
Adis International
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer International Publishing
– name: Adis International
– name: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
– name: Springer Nature B.V
References Hulston, Jeukendrup (CR44) 2008; 40
Tsintzas, Williams, Boobis (CR127) 1995; 489
Anantaraman, Carmines, Gaesser (CR18) 1995; 16
Duhamel, Green, Stewart (CR139) 2007; 103
Bacharach, von Duvillard, Rundell (CR21) 1994; 34
Curzon, Friedel, Knott (CR97) 1973; 242
Nybo (CR102) 2003; 35
Rogers, Summers, Lambert (CR70) 2005; 15
Zachwieja, Costill, Beard (CR85) 1992; 2
Fitts, Balog (CR169) 1996; 156
Johnson, Nelson, Consolazio (CR48) 1988; 20
Coombes, Hamilton (CR2) 2000; 29
Bagby, Green, Katsuta (CR6) 1978; 45
Maughan, Bethell, Leiper (CR53) 1996; 81
Nieman (CR148) 2007; 37
el-Sayed, Rattu, Roberts (CR35) 1995; 5
Coyle, Hagberg, Hurley (CR30) 1983; 55
Millard-Stafford, Sparling, Rosskopf (CR56) 1990; 22
Allen, Lamb, Westerblad (CR90) 2008; 88
McAnulty, McAnulty, Nieman (CR155) 2003; 37
Brooke, Davies, Green (CR25) 1975; 15
McAnulty, McAnulty, Nieman (CR154) 2005; 39
Febbraio, Chiu, Angus (CR36) 2000; 89
Nishibata, Sadamoto, Mutoh (CR66) 1993; 66
Horowitz, Coyle (CR103) 1993; 58
McConell, Snow, Proietto (CR9) 1999; 87
el-Sayed, Balmer, Rattu (CR34) 1997; 15
Madsen, MacLean, Kiens (CR52) 1996; 81
Vasankari, Kujala, Sarna (CR156) 1998; 38
Meyer, Bar-Or, MacDougall (CR55) 1995; 27
Arkinstall, Bruce, Nikolopoulos (CR116) 2001; 91
Cohen (CR87) 1988
Mitchell, Braun, Pizza (CR89) 2000; 40
Murray, Bartoli, Eddy (CR59) 1995; 27
Neufer, Costill, Flynn (CR63) 1987; 62
Baldwin, Snow, Gibala (CR143) 2003; 94
Pardridge (CR100) 1983; 63
Bergstrom, Hultman (CR115) 1967; 19
Murray, Eddy, Murray (CR60) 1987; 19
Davis, Bailey (CR96) 1997; 29
Clausen, Andersen, Flatman (CR164) 1993; 472
Karelis, Peronnet, Gardiner (CR162) 2002; 87
Verburg, Thorud, Eriksen (CR172) 2001; 281
Ivy, Costill, Fink (CR45) 1979; 11
Widrick, Costill, Fink (CR79) 1993; 74
Febbraio, Stewart (CR121) 1996; 81
Allen, Lamb, Westerblad (CR135) 2008; 104
Stephenson, Nguyen, Stephenson (CR132) 1999; 519
Kingwell, McKenna, Sandstrom (CR50) 1989; 7
Mitchell, Costill, Houmard (CR10) 1988; 20
Gorski, Zendzian-Piotrowska, Gorska (CR124) 1990; 61
Osterberg, Zachwieja, Smith (CR67) 2008; 26
Hargreaves, Costill, Coggan (CR125) 1984; 16
Allen, Lannergren, Westerblad (CR160) 1999; 166
Okamoto, Wang, Rounds (CR161) 2001; 281
Coyle, Coggan, Hemmert (CR8) 1986; 61
Davis, Jackson, Broadwell (CR32) 1997; 7
Winnick, Davis, Welsh (CR82) 2005; 37
Ball, Headley, Vanderburgh (CR22) 1995; 5
Green, Duhamel, Foley (CR167) 2007; 293
Marcil, Karelis, Peronnet (CR163) 2005; 93
Ament, Verkerke (CR91) 2009; 39
Xu, Zweier, Becker (CR173) 1995; 77
Haff, Lehmkuhl, McCoy (CR11) 2003; 17
Tsintzas, Williams, Wilson (CR76) 1996; 28
Vergauwen, Brouns, Hespel (CR78) 1998; 30
Sugiura, Kobayashi (CR73) 1998; 30
Coggan, Coyle (CR1) 1991; 19
Hargreaves, Briggs (CR122) 1988; 65
Koslowski, Brzezinska, Nazae, Poortmans, Niset (CR101) 1981
Westerblad, Allen, Lannergren (CR134) 2002; 17
Collardeau, Brisswalter, Vercruyssen (CR106) 2001; 86
Kulik, Touchberry, Kawamori (CR15) 2008; 22
Scharhag, Meyer, Auracher (CR153) 2006; 38
Coggan, Coyle (CR28) 1988; 65
Spencer, Yan, Katz (CR146) 1991; 261
el-Sayed, MacLaren, Rattu (CR3) 1997; 118
Coggan, Coyle (CR111) 1987; 63
Bjorkman, Sahlin, Hagenfeldt (CR126) 1984; 4
Tsintzas, Liu, Williams (CR74) 1993; 3
Ortenblad, Stephenson (CR174) 2003; 548
Yaspelkis, Patterson, Anderla (CR84) 1993; 75
Haff, Schroeder, Koch (CR13) 2001; 41
Felig, Cherif, Minagawa (CR38) 1982; 306
Snow, Carey, Stathis (CR137) 2000; 88
Lambert (CR12) 1991; 5
Riley, Israel, Holbert (CR69) 1988; 9
Davis, Bailey, Woods (CR98) 1992; 65
Sahlin, Tonkonogi, Soderlund (CR133) 1998; 162
Bjorkman, Sahlin, Hagenfeldt (CR24) 1984; 4
Maughan, Fenn, Leiper (CR54) 1989; 58
Bequet, Gomez-Merino, Berthelot (CR95) 2001; 173
Below, Mora-Rodriguez, Gonzalez-Alonso (CR23) 1995; 27
Dawson, Baker, Greenhaff (CR144) 2005; 565
Nicholas, Tsintzas, Boobis (CR64) 1999; 31
Akerstrom, Birk, Klein (CR152) 2006; 342
Sasaki, Maeda, Usui (CR71) 1987; 8
Dumke, McBride, Nieman (CR93) 2007; 21
Spencer, Yan, Katz (CR138) 1991; 261
Tsintzas, Williams (CR114) 1998; 25
Fulco, Zupan, Muza (CR42) 2007; 28
Williams, Nute, Broadbank (CR81) 1990; 60
Febbraio, Murton, Selig (CR37) 1996; 28
Newsholme, Acworth, Blomstrand (CR94) 1987
Carter, Jeukendrup, Jones (CR27) 2005; 30
Nicholas, Williams, Lakomy (CR65) 1995; 13
Sasaki, Takaoka, Ishiko (CR72) 1987; 8
Cole, Grandjean, Sobszak (CR29) 1993; 3
Foskett, Williams, Boobis (CR40) 2008; 40
Ivy, Miller, Dover (CR46) 1983; 15
Welsh, Davis, Burke (CR107) 2002; 34
Kang, Robertson, Denys (CR49) 1995; 5
Murray, Paul, Seifert (CR61) 1991; 23
Chin, Allen (CR129) 1997; 498
Tsintzas, Williams, Constantin-Teodosiu (CR128) 2001; 537
Bonen, Malcolm, Kilgour (CR88) 1981; 50
Haff, Koch, Potteiger (CR14) 2000; 10
Karelis, Peronnet, Gardiner (CR165) 2003; 95
CR86
Nieman (CR147) 1998; 4
Murray, Seifert, Eddy (CR62) 1989; 59
van Essen, Gibala (CR77) 2006; 38
Overgaard, Nielsen, Flatman (CR159) 1999; 518
Phillips, Wiseman, Woledge (CR140) 1993; 462
Fitts (CR92) 1994; 74
Angus, Hargreaves, Dancey (CR20) 2000; 88
Nielsen, Clausen (CR158) 2000; 28
Carter, Jeukendrup, Jones (CR108) 2004; 36
Coyle, Hamilton, Alonso (CR119) 1991; 70
Dalsgaard, Secher (CR99) 2007; 85
Goodman, Blazev, Stephenson (CR131) 2005; 32
Abbiss, Peiffer, Peake (CR16) 2008; 104
Millard-Stafford, Sparling, Rosskopf (CR57) 1992; 24
Conlee (CR113) 1987; 15
Jeukendrup (CR4) 2004; 20
Flynn, Costill, Hawley (CR39) 1987; 19
Andrews, Sedlock, Flynn (CR19) 2003; 95
Davis, Burgess, Slentz (CR31) 1988; 57
Lee-Young, Palmer, Linden (CR157) 2006; 291
Slentz, Davis, Settles (CR7) 1990; 69
Currell, Jeukendrup (CR112) 2008; 40
Karelis, Peronnet, Gardiner (CR171) 2005; 30
Wright, Sherman, Dernbach (CR83) 1991; 71
Pottier, Bouckaert, Gilis (CR110) 2008
Febbraio, Mesa, Chung (CR151) 2004; 9
Tsintzas, Williams, Boobis (CR75) 1996; 81
Wilber, Moffatt (CR80) 1992; 2
Fritzsche, Switzer, Hodgkinson (CR41) 2000; 88
Ali, Williams, Nicholas (CR17) 2007; 39
King, Kong, Parkin (CR104) 1998; 21
Chryssanthopoulos, Williams, Nowitz (CR117) 2002; 23
Powers, Lawler, Dodd (CR68) 1990; 60
Febbraio, Keenan, Angus (CR120) 2000; 89
Sejersted, Sjogaard (CR170) 2000; 80
Sahlin, Katz, Broberg (CR142) 1990; 259
McAnulty, McAnulty, Morrow (CR150) 2007; 17
Gibala, Gonzalez-Alonso, Saltin (CR145) 2002; 545
Langenfeld, Seifert, Rudge (CR51) 1994; 34
Hargreaves, Costill, Fink (CR123) 1987; 19
McAnulty, McAnulty, Nieman (CR149) 2007; 28
Mitchell, Costill, Houmard (CR58) 1989; 67
Dill (CR5) 1932; 77
Jeukendrup, Brouns, Wagenmakers (CR47) 1997; 18
Lewis, Haller (CR136) 1986; 61
Helander, Westerblad, Katz (CR130) 2002; 282
Burgess, Davis, Bartoli (CR26) 1991; 1
Davis, Lamb, Pate (CR33) 1988; 48
Hargreaves, Costill, Coggan (CR43) 1984; 16
Chambers, Bridge, Jones (CR109) 2009; 587
Stewart, Duhamel, Foley (CR166) 2007; 103
Claassen, Lambert, Bosch (CR105) 2005; 15
Harrison, Flatman (CR168) 1999; 277
Bowtell, Marwood, Marwood (CR141) 2007; 37
Coggan, Coyle (CR118) 1987; 63
1886479 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Jun;23(6):713-8
10373703 - J Physiol. 1999 Jul 1;518(Pt 1):215-25
7038492 - N Engl J Med. 1982 Apr 15;306(15):895-900
2759074 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;58(5):481-6
3623782 - Int J Sports Med. 1987 Jun;8(3):203-7
6542834 - Clin Physiol. 1984 Dec;4(6):483-94
3525502 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Jul;61(1):165-72
8145158 - J Physiol. 1993 Dec;472:521-36
15212750 - Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):669-77
9258853 - J Sports Sci. 1997 Apr;15(2):223-30
16131694 - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Jun;15(3):220-35
3246466 - Int J Sports Med. 1988 Oct;9(5):320-4
8508191 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1993 Jun;3(2):127-39
11090571 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Dec;89(6):2220-6
9458524 - Sports Med. 1998 Jan;25(1):7-23
11822474 - Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Dec;86(2):150-6
8365999 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Jun;74(6):2998-3005
19000099 - Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Feb;20(1):105-11
6361440 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1983;15(6):466-71
16888462 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Aug;38(8):1476-83
9578371 - Acta Physiol Scand. 1998 Mar;162(3):261-6
2022575 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Feb;70(2):834-40
18076275 - J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Nov;21(4):1214-9
17409263 - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):R354-62
9973769 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1998 Dec;38(4):281-5
16994372 - J Physiol. 1932 Dec 19;77(1):49-62
4695158 - Nature. 1973 Mar 16;242(5394):198-200
10600910 - Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6 Pt 2):R1646-53
7670454 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Jun;5(2):151-8
12736189 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Jun;94(6):2181-7
11447365 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001 Jun;41(2):216-22
10487369 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Sep;31(9):1280-6
12481933 - Exp Physiol. 2002 Sep;87(5):585-92
7564973 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jul;27(7):1057-62
9000155 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Jan;29(1):45-57
18027994 - Sports Med. 2007;37(12 ):1071-88
16298748 - Free Radic Res. 2005 Nov;39(11):1219-24
17497585 - Int J Sports Med. 2007 Nov;28(11):921-7
1195721 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1975 Sep;15(3):257-65
9813876 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Nov;30(11):1624-30
6361813 - Physiol Rev. 1983 Oct;63(4):1481-535
2600017 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Nov;67(5):1843-9
3297721 - Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1987;15:1-28
7788886 - Circ Res. 1995 Jul;77(1):88-97
11500303 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;281(3):E479-88
11932585 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Apr;34(4):723-31
9018517 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Dec;81(6):2644-50
12580676 - J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Feb;17(1):187-96
1299501 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1992 Dec;2(4):317-27
8338051 - Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Aug;58(2):235-41
8933488 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Nov;28(11):1380-7
19237430 - J Physiol. 2009 Apr 15;587(Pt 8):1779-94
17394258 - J Neurosci Res. 2007 Nov 15;85(15):3334-9
17962573 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Jan;104(1):296-305
3343913 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988 Feb;20(1):26-33
18545201 - J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1101-7
1757304 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Sep;71(3):1082-8
10484580 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Sep;87(3):1083-6
18202575 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Feb;40(2):275-81
1299496 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1992 Sep;2(3):239-50
3396573 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;57(5):563-9
11997245 - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Jun;282(6):C1306-12
18046057 - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007 Oct;17(5):478-90
9644095 - Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:64-76
2733080 - J Sports Sci. 1989 Spring;7(1):3-8
11053335 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Nov;89(5):1845-51
7474041 - J Sports Sci. 1995 Aug;13(4):283-90
7021500 - J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Apr;50(4):766-71
11641353 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Nov;91(5):2125-34
1483439 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;65(6):513-9
17412790 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Jul;103(1):331-9
8547939 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Sep;5(3):215-24
701128 - J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1978 Sep;45(3):425-9
6350247 - J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Jul;55(1 Pt 1):230-5
3431377 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987 Dec;19(6):597-604
10797115 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 May;88(5):1576-80
19402743 - Sports Med. 2009;39(5):389-422
3053587 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Oct;65(4):1703-9
15633297 - Cell Stress Chaperones. 2004 Winter;9(4):390-6
8550255 - Int J Sports Med. 1995 Oct;16(7):461-5
8605519 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Dec;5(4):329-43
16598851 - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 14;342(3):949-55
11821531 - News Physiol Sci. 2002 Feb;17:17-21
3182519 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Oct;65(4):1553-5
11705782 - Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):R1952-65
18091017 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Jan;40(1):96-103
7967586 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994 Jun;34(2):161-8
12611917 - J Physiol. 2003 Apr 1;548(Pt 1):139-45
16258178 - Can J Appl Physiol. 2005 Aug;30(4):379-91
8933487 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Nov;28(11):1373-9
3547009 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987 Feb;19(1):33-6
481158 - Med Sci Sports. 1979 Spring;11(1):6-11
17024646 - Int J Sports Med. 2007 May;28(5):437-43
3528113 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Aug;61(2):391-401
9081269 - Int J Sports Med. 1997 Feb;18(2):125-9
17986904 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Nov;39(11):1969-76
15692328 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Feb;37(2):306-15
8872649 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Aug;81(2):801-9
14567443 - Free Radic Res. 2003 Aug;37(8):835-40
12015629 - Int J Sports Med. 2002 May;23(4):279-84
10997956 - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Sep;10(3):326-39
3667022 - Int J Sports Med. 1987 Aug;8(4):261-5
11711582 - J Physiol. 2001 Nov 15;537(Pt 1):305-11
10610612 - Acta Physiol Scand. 1999 Aug;166(4):341-7
8305914 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1993 Dec;3(4):408-17
2311595 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(1):54-60
6748917 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Jun;16(3):219-22
8583408 - J Physiol. 1995 Nov 15;489 ( Pt 1):243-50
15570147 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Dec;36(12):2107-11
18195089 - Physiol Rev. 2008 Jan;88(1):287-332
1936083 - Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1991;19:1-40
10642370 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jan;88(1):113-9
15802296 - J Physiol. 2005 Jun 1;565(Pt 2):637-43
1406180 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Aug;24(8):934-40
2246186 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Sep;69(3):989-94
3325488 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1987 Dec;63(6):2388-95
16089270 - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Apr;15(2):97-116
16173932 - Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Sep;32(9):749-56
3821453 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987 Feb;19(1):37-40
9540013 - Diabetes Care. 1998 Mar;21(3):341-5
8331580 - J Physiol. 1993 Mar;462:135-46
12456845 - J Physiol. 2002 Dec 1;545(Pt 2):705-13
2240197 - Am J Physiol. 1990 Nov;259(5 Pt 1):C834-41
17916667 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Dec;103(6):1986-98
3571097 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1987 Mar;62(3):983-8
11683680 - Acta Physiol Scand. 2001 Oct;173(2):223-30
10739268 - Sports Med. 2000 Mar;29(3):181-209
6048626 - Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1967;19(3):218-28
10658044 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Feb;88(2):730-7
16531897 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Feb;38(2):286-92
11015618 - Physiol Rev. 2000 Oct;80(4):1411-81
18981939 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Dec;40(12):2096-104
8295935 - Physiol Rev. 1994 Jan;74(1):49-94
18074296 - J Sports Sci. 2008 Feb 1;26(3):227-33
7658950 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jun;27(6):882-7
15599586 - Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Mar;93(5-6):569-74
8729677 - Acta Physiol Scand. 1996 Mar;156(3):169-81
2079059 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;61(5-6):408-12
9710871 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Aug;30(8):1289-95
8282593 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Oct;75(4):1477-85
8889482 - Exp Physiol. 1996 Sep;81(5):847-59
10432348 - J Physiol. 1999 Aug 15;519 Pt 1:177-87
12673141 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Apr;35(4):589-94
11064849 - Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2000 Oct;28(4):159-64
15855686 - Can J Appl Physiol. 2005 Feb;30(1):105-12
1668907 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1991 Dec;1(4):338-52
8425514 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1993;66(1):65-9
8889742 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Sep;81(3):1115-20
16670154 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;291(3):E566-73
2233201 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990 Oct;22(5):621-8
18218905 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Apr;104(4):1021-8
7723643 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Feb;27(2):200-10
1858860 - Am J Physiol. 1991 Jul;261(1 Pt 1):C71-6
10822908 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000 Mar;40(1):41-50
17465622 - Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):412-5
2583144 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;59(1-2):152-8
9407253 - Int J Sport Nutr. 1997 Dec;7(4):261-73
12639847 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Jul;95(1):330-5
9406448 - Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol. 1997 Nov;118(3):789-803
9023765 - J Physiol. 1997 Jan 1;498 ( Pt 1):17-29
2335168 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(2):112-9
7830390 - J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994 Sep;34(3):263-70
3421199 - Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Oct;48(4):1023-30
3367744 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988 Apr;20(2):110-5
12716874 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Aug;95(2):584-90
Davis (R31-3-20100821) 1988; 57
Vergauwen (R78-3-20100821) 1998 Aug; 30
Madsen (R52-3-20100821) 1996; 81
Vasankari (R156-3-20100821) 1998 Dec; 38
Ortenblad (R174-3-20100821) 2003; 548
Davis (R96-3-20100821) 1997; 29
Gibala (R145-3-20100821) 2002 Dec 1; 545
King (R104-3-20100821) 1998 Mar; 21
Chambers (R109-3-20100821) 2009 Apr 15; 587
Karelis (R162-3-20100821) 2002; 87
el-Sayed (R3-3-20100821) 1997; 118
Sahlin (R142-3-20100821) 1990; 259
Xu (R173-3-20100821) 1995 Jul; 77
McAnulty (R150-3-20100821) 2007 Oct; 17
Flynn (R39-3-20100821) 1987; 19
Febbraio (R37-3-20100821) 1996; 28
Foskett (R40-3-20100821) 2008 Jan; 40
Sugiura (R73-3-20100821) 1998; 30
Kulik (R15-3-20100821) 2008 Jul; 22
Goodman (R131-3-20100821) 2005 Sep; 32
Neufer (R63-3-20100821) 1987; 62
Allen (R90-3-20100821) 2008 Jan; 88
Nybo (R102-3-20100821) 2003; 35
Mitchell (R10-3-20100821) 1988; 20
Coggan (R111-3-20100821) 1987 Dec; 63
Tsintzas (R114-3-20100821) 1998; 25
Mitchell (R58-3-20100821) 1989; 67
el-Sayed (R34-3-20100821) 1997; 15
Murray (R59-3-20100821) 1995; 27
Winnick (R82-3-20100821) 2005 Feb; 37
Karelis (R165-3-20100821) 2003; 95
Davis (R33-3-20100821) 1988; 48
el-Sayed (R35-3-20100821) 1995; 5
Tsintzas (R127-3-20100821) 1995; 489
Burgess (R26-3-20100821) 1991; 1
Maughan (R54-3-20100821) 1989; 58
Dawson (R144-3-20100821) 2005 Jun 1; 565
Bacharach (R21-3-20100821) 1994; 34
Lipsey (R86-3-20100821) 2001; Vol. 49
Ivy (R46-3-20100821) 1983; 15
Tsintzas (R75-3-20100821) 1996; 81
Chryssanthopoulos (R117-3-20100821) 2002; 23
Gorski (R124-3-20100821) 1990; 61
van Essen (R77-3-20100821) 2006 Aug; 38
Fulco (R42-3-20100821) 2007 May; 28
Millard-Stafford (R57-3-20100821) 1992; 24
Spencer (R146-3-20100821) 1991 Jul; 261
Millard-Stafford (R56-3-20100821) 1990; 22
Nicholas (R65-3-20100821) 1995; 13
Murray (R62-3-20100821) 1989; 59
Allen (R160-3-20100821) 1999; 166
Coyle (R8-3-20100821) 1986; 61
Verburg (R172-3-20100821) 2001; 281
Stewart (R166-3-20100821) 2007 Jul; 103
Felig (R38-3-20100821) 1982; 306
McAnulty (R155-3-20100821) 2003 Aug; 37
Meyer (R55-3-20100821) 1995 Jun; 27
Mitchell (R89-3-20100821) 2000; 40
Fitts (R92-3-20100821) 1994; 74
Febbraio (R36-3-20100821) 2000; 89
Dumke (R93-3-20100821) 2007 Nov; 21
Yaspelkis (R84-3-20100821) 1993; 75
Lewis (R136-3-20100821) 1986; 61
Clausen (R164-3-20100821) 1993 Dec; 472
Murray (R60-3-20100821) 1987; 19
Duhamel (R139-3-20100821) 2007 Dec; 103
Haff (R11-3-20100821) 2003; 17
Nieman (R148-3-20100821) 2007; 37
Slentz (R7-3-20100821) 1990; 69
Williams (R81-3-20100821) 1990; 60
Coggan (R118-3-20100821) 1987; 63
Fritzsche (R41-3-20100821) 2000; 88
Hargreaves (R43-3-20100821) 1984; 16
Bergstrom (R115-3-20100821) 1967; 19
Kang (R49-3-20100821) 1995; 5
Carter (R108-3-20100821) 2004 Dec; 36
Johnson (R48-3-20100821) 1988; 20
Overgaard (R159-3-20100821) 1999; 518
Akerstrom (R152-3-20100821) 2006 Apr 14; 342
Angus (R20-3-20100821) 2000; 88
Cole (R29-3-20100821) 1993; 3
Powers (R68-3-20100821) 1990; 60
Hargreaves (R123-3-20100821) 1987; 19
Coggan (R28-3-20100821) 1988; 65
Wilber (R80-3-20100821) 1992; 2
Nieman (R147-3-20100821) 1998; 4
Bonen (R88-3-20100821) 1981; 50
Hargreaves (R122-3-20100821) 1988; 65
Westerblad (R134-3-20100821) 2002; 17
Abbiss (R16-3-20100821) 2008 Apr; 104
Newsholme (R94-3-20100821) 1987
Bequet (R95-3-20100821) 2001; 173
Widrick (R79-3-20100821) 1993; 74
Dalsgaard (R99-3-20100821) 2007 Nov 15; 85
Phillips (R140-3-20100821) 1993; 462
Febbraio (R151-3-20100821) 2004 Winter; 9
Pardridge (R100-3-20100821) 1983 Oct; 63
McAnulty (R154-3-20100821) 2005 Nov; 39
Febbraio (R121-3-20100821) 1996; 81
Davis (R98-3-20100821) 1992; 65
Andrews (R19-3-20100821) 2003 Aug; 95
Rogers (R70-3-20100821) 2005 Jun; 15
Currell (R112-3-20100821) 2008 Feb; 40
Coyle (R119-3-20100821) 1991; 70
Below (R23-3-20100821) 1995; 27
Coombes (R2-3-20100821) 2000 Mar; 29
Curzon (R97-3-20100821) 1973; 242
Hulston (R44-3-20100821) 2008 Dec; 40
Jeukendrup (R4-3-20100821) 2004 Jul-Aug; 20
McAnulty (R149-3-20100821) 2007 Nov; 28
Arkinstall (R116-3-20100821) 2001; 91
Langenfeld (R51-3-20100821) 1994; 34
Claassen (R105-3-20100821) 2005 Apr; 15
Conlee (R113-3-20100821) 1987; 15
Maughan (R53-3-20100821) 1996; 81
Bowtell (R141-3-20100821) 2007; 37
Davis (R32-3-20100821) 1997; 7
Coggan (R1-3-20100821) 1991; 19
Bagby (R6-3-20100821) 1978; 45
Ivy (R45-3-20100821) 1979; 11
Kingwell (R50-3-20100821) 1989; 7
Anantaraman (R18-3-20100821) 1995; 16
Murray (R61-3-20100821) 1991; 23
Fitts (R169-3-20100821) 1996; 156
Bjorkman (R126-3-20100821) 1984 Dec; 4
Ali (R17-3-20100821) 2007 Nov; 39
Ball (R22-3-20100821) 1995; 5
Febbraio (R120-3-20100821) 2000; 89
Stephenson (R132-3-20100821) 1999 Aug 15; 519
Collardeau (R106-3-20100821) 2001; 86
Zachwieja (R85-3-20100821) 1992; 2
Marcil (R163-3-20100821) 2005 Mar; 93
Karelis (R171-3-20100821) 2005 Feb; 30
Tsintzas (R74-3-20100821) 1993; 3
Sasaki (R71-3-20100821) 1987; 8
Chin (R129-3-20100821) 1997 Jan 1; 498
Helander (R130-3-20100821) 2002 Jun; 282
Spencer (R138-3-20100821) 1991; 261
Sejersted (R170-3-20100821) 2000; 80
Jeukendrup (R47-3-20100821) 1997; 18
Hargreaves (R125-3-20100821) 1984 Jun; 16
Sahlin (R133-3-20100821) 1998; 162
Snow (R137-3-20100821) 2000; 88
Haff (R13-3-20100821) 2001; 41
Coyle (R30-3-20100821) 1983; 55
Osterberg (R67-3-20100821) 2008 Feb 1; 26
Tsintzas (R128-3-20100821) 2001; 537
Carter (R27-3-20100821) 2005 Aug; 30
Baldwin (R143-3-20100821) 2003; 94
Lambert (R12-3-20100821) 1991; 5
Haff (R14-3-20100821) 2000 Sep; 10
Sasaki (R72-3-20100821) 1987; 8
Harrison (R168-3-20100821) 1999; 277
Green (R167-3-20100821) 2007 Jul; 293
Brooke (R25-3-20100821) 1975; 15
Tsintzas (R76-3-20100821) 1996; 28
Nielsen (R158-3-20100821) 2000; 28
Nicholas (R64-3-20100821) 1999 Sep; 31
Koslowski (R101-3-20100821) 1981
Allen (R135-3-20100821) 2008 Jan; 104
Nishibata (R66-3-20100821) 1993; 66
Cohen (R87-3-20100821) 1988
Dill (R5-3-20100821) 1932; 77
Okamoto (R161-3-20100821) 2001; 281
Ament (R91-3-20100821) 2009; 39
Welsh (R107-3-20100821) 2002; 34
Wright (R83-3-20100821) 1991; 71
Scharhag (R153-3-20100821) 2006 Feb; 38
Bjorkman (R24-3-20100821) 1984; 4
McConell (R9-3-20100821) 1999; 87
Riley (R69-3-20100821) 1988; 9
Lee-Young (R157-3-20100821) 2006 Sep; 291
Horowitz (R103-3-20100821) 1993 Aug; 58
References_xml – volume: 19
  start-page: 37
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Influence of selected carbohydrate drinks on cycling performance and glycogen use
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Hawley
– volume: 118
  start-page: 789
  issue: 3
  year: 1997
  end-page: 803
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Exogenous carbohydrate utilisation: effects on metabolism and exercise performance
  publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00064-9
  contributor:
    fullname: Rattu
– volume: 27
  start-page: 200
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  end-page: 10
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Gonzalez-Alonso
– volume: 28
  start-page: 921
  issue: 11
  year: 2007
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR149
  article-title: Carbohydrate effect: hormone and oxidative changes
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-964987
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 63
  start-page: 2388
  issue: 6
  year: 1987
  end-page: 95
  ident: CR111
  article-title: Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 4
  start-page: 483
  issue: 6
  year: 1984
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR126
  article-title: Influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity for longterm exercise in well-trained men
  publication-title: Clin Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00134.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Hagenfeldt
– volume: 277
  start-page: 1646
  issue: 6Pt2
  year: 1999
  end-page: 53
  ident: CR168
  article-title: Measurement of force and both surface and deep M wave properties in isolated rat soleus muscles
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Flatman
– volume: 62
  start-page: 983
  issue: 3
  year: 1987
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Improvements in exercise performance: effects of carbohydrate feedings and diet
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Flynn
– volume: 11
  start-page: 6
  issue: 1
  year: 1979
  end-page: 11
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports
  contributor:
    fullname: Fink
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1624
  issue: 11
  year: 1998
  end-page: 30
  ident: CR73
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on sprint performance following continuous and intermittent exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199811000-00011
  contributor:
    fullname: Kobayashi
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1057
  issue: 7
  year: 1995
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Physiological and performance responses to nicotinic-acid ingestion during exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199507000-00015
  contributor:
    fullname: Eddy
– volume: 19
  start-page: 33
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR123
  article-title: Effect of preexercise carbohydrate feedings on endurance cycling performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Fink
– volume: 5
  start-page: 192
  issue: 4
  year: 1991
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrates feeding on multiplebout resistance exercise
  publication-title: J Appl Sport Science Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Lambert
– volume: 29
  start-page: 181
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  end-page: 209
  ident: CR2
  article-title: The effectiveness of commercially available sports drinks
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200029030-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Hamilton
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1289
  issue: 8
  year: 1998
  end-page: 95
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation improves stroke performance in tennis
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00017
  contributor:
    fullname: Hespel
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1373
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate supplementation early in exercise on endurance running capacity
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Wilson
– volume: 2
  start-page: 239
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR85
  article-title: The effects of a carbonated carbohydrate drink on gastric emptying, gastrointestinal distress, and exercise performance
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Beard
– volume: 37
  start-page: 306
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  end-page: 15
  ident: CR82
  article-title: Carbohydrate feedings during team sport exercise preserve physical and CNS function
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000152803.35130.A4
  contributor:
    fullname: Welsh
– volume: 94
  start-page: 2181
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR143
  article-title: Glycogen availability does not affect the TCA cycle or TAN pools during prolonged, fatiguing exercise
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Gibala
– volume: 13
  start-page: 283
  issue: 4
  year: 1995
  end-page: 90
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Influence of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance capacity during intermittent, high-intensity shuttle running
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640419508732241
  contributor:
    fullname: Lakomy
– volume: 587
  start-page: 1779
  issue: Pt8
  year: 2009
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR109
  article-title: Carbohydrate sensing in the human mouth: effects on exercise performance and brain activity
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
  contributor:
    fullname: Jones
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1969
  issue: 11
  year: 2007
  end-page: 76
  ident: CR17
  article-title: The influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion on soccer skill performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb3e3
  contributor:
    fullname: Nicholas
– volume: 22
  start-page: 621
  issue: 5
  year: 1990
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Carbohydrate-electrolyte replacement during a simulated triathlon in the heat
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199010000-00013
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosskopf
– volume: 32
  start-page: 749
  issue: 9
  year: 2005
  end-page: 56
  ident: CR131
  article-title: Glycogen content and contractile responsiveness to T-system depolarization in skinned muscle fibres of the rat
  publication-title: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04260.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Stephenson
– volume: 8
  start-page: 203
  issue: 3
  year: 1987
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Effects of sucrose or caffeine ingestion on running performance and biochemical responses to endurance running
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025656
  contributor:
    fullname: Ishiko
– start-page: 54
  year: 1981
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR101
  article-title: Carbohydrate availability for the brain and muscle as a factor modifying sympathetic activity during exercise in dogs
  publication-title: Biochemistry of exercise
  contributor:
    fullname: Niset
– volume: 498
  start-page: 17
  issue: Pt1
  year: 1997
  end-page: 29
  ident: CR129
  article-title: Effects of reduced muscle glycogen concentration on force, Ca release and contractile protein function in intact mouse skeletal muscle
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Allen
– volume: 166
  start-page: 341
  issue: 4
  year: 1999
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR160
  article-title: The use of caged adenine nucleotides and caged phosphate in intact skeletal muscle fibres of the mouse
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.1999.00571.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Westerblad
– volume: 519
  start-page: 177
  issue: Pt1
  year: 1999
  end-page: 87
  ident: CR132
  article-title: Glycogen content and excitation-contraction coupling in mechanically skinned muscle fibres of the cane toad
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0177o.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Stephenson
– volume: 37
  start-page: 835
  issue: 8
  year: 2003
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR155
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant potential following a 3 h run
  publication-title: Free Radic Res
  doi: 10.1080/1071576031000136559
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 40
  start-page: 275
  issue: 2
  year: 2008
  end-page: 81
  ident: CR112
  article-title: Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19
  contributor:
    fullname: Jeukendrup
– volume: 548
  start-page: 139
  issue: Pt1
  year: 2003
  end-page: 45
  ident: CR174
  article-title: A novel signalling pathway originating in mitochondria modulates rat skeletal muscle membrane excitability
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Stephenson
– volume: 86
  start-page: 150
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR106
  article-title: Single and choice reaction time during prolonged exercise in trained subjects: influence of carbohydrate availability
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/s004210100513
  contributor:
    fullname: Vercruyssen
– volume: 16
  start-page: 461
  issue: 7
  year: 1995
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on performance during 1 hour of high-intensity exercise
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973038
  contributor:
    fullname: Gaesser
– volume: 3
  start-page: 127
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  end-page: 39
  ident: CR74
  article-title: The effect of carbohydrate ingestion on performance during a 30-km race
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 30
  start-page: 105
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR171
  article-title: Resting membrane potential of rat plantaris muscle fibers after prolonged indirect stimulation in situ: effect of glucose infusion
  publication-title: Can J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1139/h05-108
  contributor:
    fullname: Gardiner
– volume: 58
  start-page: 481
  issue: 5
  year: 1989
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Effects of fluid, electrolyte and substrate ingestion on endurance capacity
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF02330701
  contributor:
    fullname: Leiper
– volume: 70
  start-page: 834
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR119
  article-title: Carbohydrate metabolism during intense exercise when hyperglycemic
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Alonso
– volume: 34
  start-page: 723
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  end-page: 31
  ident: CR107
  article-title: Carbohydrates and physical/mental performance during intermittent exercise to fatigue
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-200204000-00025
  contributor:
    fullname: Burke
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1101
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Supplemental carbohydrate ingestion does not improve performance of high-intensity resistance exercise
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816d679b
  contributor:
    fullname: Kawamori
– volume: 9
  start-page: 320
  issue: 5
  year: 1988
  end-page: 4
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on exercise endurance and metabolism after a 1-day fast
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1025032
  contributor:
    fullname: Holbert
– volume: 61
  start-page: 408
  issue: 5-6
  year: 1990
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR124
  article-title: Effect of hyperglycaemia on muscle glycogen mobilization during muscle contractions in the rat
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00236060
  contributor:
    fullname: Gorska
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1380
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Effect of CHO ingestion on exercise metabolism and performance in different ambient temperatures
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00006
  contributor:
    fullname: Selig
– volume: 5
  start-page: 151
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Periodic carbohydrate replacement during 50 min of high-intensity cycling improves subsequent sprint performance
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Vanderburgh
– volume: 25
  start-page: 7
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  end-page: 23
  ident: CR114
  article-title: Human muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: effect of carbohydrate supplementation
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825010-00002
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 545
  start-page: 705
  issue: Pt2
  year: 2002
  end-page: 13
  ident: CR145
  article-title: Dissociation between muscle tricarboxylic acid cycle pool size and aerobic energy provision during prolonged exercise in humans
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.028084
  contributor:
    fullname: Saltin
– volume: 55
  start-page: 230
  issue: 1Pt1
  year: 1983
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Carbohydrate feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hurley
– volume: 26
  start-page: 227
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  end-page: 33
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein for cycling time-trial performance
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640410701459730
  contributor:
    fullname: Smith
– volume: 281
  start-page: 1952
  issue: 6
  year: 2001
  end-page: 65
  ident: CR172
  article-title: Muscle contractile properties during intermittent nontetanic stimulation in rat skeletal muscle
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Eriksen
– volume: 21
  start-page: 341
  issue: 3
  year: 1998
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR104
  article-title: Well-being, cerebral function, and physical fatigue after nocturnal hypoglycemia in IDDM
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.3.341
  contributor:
    fullname: Parkin
– volume: 293
  start-page: 354
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR167
  article-title: Glucose supplements increase human muscle in vitro Na -K -ATPase activity during prolonged exercise
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00701.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Foley
– volume: 565
  start-page: 637
  issue: Pt2
  year: 2005
  end-page: 43
  ident: CR144
  article-title: An acute decrease in TCA cycle intermediates does not affect aerobic energy delivery in contracting rat skeletal muscle
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079939
  contributor:
    fullname: Greenhaff
– volume: 93
  start-page: 569
  issue: 5-6
  year: 2005
  end-page: 74
  ident: CR163
  article-title: Glucose infusion attenuates fatigue without sparing glycogen in rat soleus muscle during prolonged electrical stimulation in situ
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1273-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Peronnet
– volume: 58
  start-page: 235
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  end-page: 41
  ident: CR103
  article-title: Metabolic responses to preexercise meals containing various carbohydrates and fat
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1576
  issue: 5
  year: 2000
  end-page: 80
  ident: CR137
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on ammonia metabolism during exercise in humans
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Stathis
– volume: 462
  start-page: 135
  year: 1993
  end-page: 46
  ident: CR140
  article-title: The effect of metabolic fuel on force production and resting inorganic phosphate levels in mouse skeletal muscle
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Woledge
– volume: 7
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 1989
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Effect of glucose polymer ingestion on energy and fluid balance during exercise
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640418908729817
  contributor:
    fullname: Sandstrom
– ident: CR86
– volume: 50
  start-page: 766
  issue: 4
  year: 1981
  end-page: 71
  ident: CR88
  article-title: Glucose ingestion before and during intense exercise
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Kilgour
– volume: 342
  start-page: 949
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  end-page: 55
  ident: CR152
  article-title: Oral glucose ingestion attenuates exercise-induced activation of 50-AMP activated protein kinase in human skeletal muscle
  publication-title: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.057
  contributor:
    fullname: Klein
– volume: 77
  start-page: 49
  year: 1932
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Studies in muscular activity: factors limiting the capacity for work
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Dill
– volume: 1
  start-page: 338
  issue: 4
  year: 1991
  end-page: 52
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Failure of low dose carbohydrate feeding to attenuate glucoregulatory hormone responses and improve endurance performance
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Bartoli
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1553
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR122
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on exercise metabolism
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Briggs
– volume: 65
  start-page: 513
  issue: 6
  year: 1992
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR98
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrate feedings on plasma free tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids during prolonged cycling
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00602357
  contributor:
    fullname: Woods
– volume: 39
  start-page: 389
  issue: 5
  year: 2009
  end-page: 422
  ident: CR91
  article-title: Exercise and fatigue
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939050-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Verkerke
– volume: 85
  start-page: 3334
  issue: 15
  year: 2007
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR99
  article-title: The brain at work: a cerebral metabolic manifestation of central fatigue
  publication-title: J Neurosci Res
  doi: 10.1002/jnr.21274
  contributor:
    fullname: Secher
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1214
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR93
  article-title: Effect of duration and exogenous carbohydrate on gross efficiency during cycling
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 5
  start-page: 329
  issue: 4
  year: 1995
  end-page: 43
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion subsequent to carbohydrate supercompensation on endurance performance
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Denys
– volume: 61
  start-page: 391
  issue: 2
  year: 1986
  end-page: 401
  ident: CR136
  article-title: The pathophysiology of McArdle’s disease: clues to regulation in exercise and fatigue
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Haller
– volume: 38
  start-page: 286
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  end-page: 92
  ident: CR153
  article-title: Effects of graded carbohydrate supplementation on the immune response in cycling
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000191437.69493.d4
  contributor:
    fullname: Auracher
– volume: 74
  start-page: 2998
  issue: 6
  year: 1993
  end-page: 3005
  ident: CR79
  article-title: Carbohydrate feedings and exercise performance: effect of initial muscle glycogen concentration
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Fink
– volume: 19
  start-page: 218
  issue: 3
  year: 1967
  end-page: 28
  ident: CR115
  article-title: A study of the glycogen metabolism during exercise in man
  publication-title: Scand J Clin Lab Invest
  doi: 10.3109/00365516709090629
  contributor:
    fullname: Hultman
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 1991
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: effects on metabolism and performance
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  doi: 10.1249/00003677-199101000-00001
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 59
  start-page: 152
  issue: 1-2
  year: 1989
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Carbohydrate feeding and exercise: effect of beverage carbohydrate content
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF02396594
  contributor:
    fullname: Eddy
– volume: 15
  start-page: 257
  issue: 3
  year: 1975
  end-page: 65
  ident: CR25
  article-title: The effects of normal and glucose syrup work diets on the performance of racing cyclists
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Green
– volume: 103
  start-page: 331
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR166
  article-title: Protection of muscle membrane excitability during prolonged cycle exercise with glucose supplementation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01170.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Foley
– volume: 81
  start-page: 847
  issue: 5
  year: 1996
  end-page: 59
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Effects of ingested fluids on exercise capacity and on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise in man
  publication-title: Exp Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Leiper
– volume: 16
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 1984
  end-page: 22
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate feedings on muscle glycogen utilization and exercise performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1476
  issue: 8
  year: 2006
  end-page: 83
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a
  contributor:
    fullname: Gibala
– volume: 242
  start-page: 198
  issue: 5394
  year: 1973
  end-page: 200
  ident: CR97
  article-title: The effect of fatty acids on the binding of tryptophan to plasma protein
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/242198a0
  contributor:
    fullname: Knott
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1845
  issue: 5
  year: 2000
  end-page: 51
  ident: CR120
  article-title: Preexercise carbohydrate ingestion, glucose kinetics, and muscle glycogen use: effect of the glycemic index
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Angus
– volume: 23
  start-page: 713
  issue: 6
  year: 1991
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Responses to varying rates of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Seifert
– volume: 104
  start-page: 296
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 305
  ident: CR135
  article-title: Impaired calciumrelease during fatigue
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00908.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Westerblad
– year: 1988
  ident: CR87
  publication-title: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
  contributor:
    fullname: Cohen
– volume: 261
  start-page: 71
  issue: 1Pt1
  year: 1991
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR138
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation attenuates IMP accumulation in human muscle during prolonged exercise
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Katz
– volume: 20
  start-page: 110
  issue: 2
  year: 1988
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrate ingestion on gastric emptying and exercise performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198820020-00002
  contributor:
    fullname: Houmard
– volume: 17
  start-page: 187
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  end-page: 96
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation and resistance training
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  contributor:
    fullname: McCoy
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1280
  issue: 9
  year: 1999
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Carbohydrateelectrolyte ingestion during intermittent high-intensity running
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199909000-00008
  contributor:
    fullname: Boobis
– volume: 15
  start-page: 220
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  end-page: 35
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of a low-carbohydrate sport drink during exercise
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  contributor:
    fullname: Lambert
– volume: 24
  start-page: 934
  issue: 8
  year: 1992
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Carbohydrate-electrolyte replacement improves distance running performance in the heat
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosskopf
– volume: 60
  start-page: 54
  issue: 1
  year: 1990
  end-page: 60
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Fluid replacement drinks during high intensity exercise: effects on minimizing exercise-induced disturbances in homeostasis
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00572186
  contributor:
    fullname: Dodd
– volume: 36
  start-page: 2107
  issue: 12
  year: 2004
  end-page: 11
  ident: CR108
  article-title: The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on 1-h cycle time trial performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Jones
– volume: 103
  start-page: 1986
  issue: 6
  year: 2007
  end-page: 98
  ident: CR139
  article-title: Muscle metabolic, SR Ca (2+)-cycling responses to prolonged cycling, with and without glucose supplementation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01440.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Stewart
– volume: 41
  start-page: 216
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  end-page: 22
  ident: CR13
  article-title: The effects of supplemental carbohydrate ingestion on intermittent isokinetic leg exercise
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Koch
– volume: 91
  start-page: 2125
  issue: 5
  year: 2001
  end-page: 34
  ident: CR116
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolism during running and cycling
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Nikolopoulos
– volume: 60
  start-page: 112
  issue: 2
  year: 1990
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR81
  article-title: Influence of fluid intake on endurance running performance: a comparison between water, glucose and fructose solutions
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00846030
  contributor:
    fullname: Broadbank
– volume: 27
  start-page: 882
  issue: 6
  year: 1995
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Drink composition and the electrolyte balance of children exercising in the heat
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: MacDougall
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1082
  issue: 3
  year: 1991
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR83
  article-title: Carbohydrate feedings before, during, or in combination improve cycling endurance performance
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Dernbach
– volume: 281
  start-page: 479
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  end-page: 88
  ident: CR161
  article-title: ATP from glycolysis is required for normal sodium homeostasis in resting fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
  contributor:
    fullname: Rounds
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1411
  issue: 4
  year: 2000
  end-page: 81
  ident: CR170
  article-title: Dynamics and consequences of potassium shifts in skeletal muscle and heart during exercise
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Sjogaard
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1843
  issue: 5
  year: 1989
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate dosage on exercise performance and glycogen metabolism
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Houmard
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1219
  issue: 11
  year: 2005
  end-page: 24
  ident: CR154
  article-title: Effect of resistance exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress
  publication-title: Free Radic Res
  doi: 10.1080/10725760500317536
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 87
  start-page: 1083
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans: influence of carbohydrate availability
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Proietto
– volume: 37
  start-page: 412
  issue: 4-5
  year: 2007
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR148
  article-title: Marathon training and immune function
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00036
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 40
  start-page: 96
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 103
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Carbohydrate availability and muscle energy metabolism during intermittent running
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Boobis
– volume: 28
  start-page: 159
  issue: 4
  year: 2000
  end-page: 64
  ident: CR158
  article-title: The Na+/K(+)-pump protects muscle excitability and contractility during exercise
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Clausen
– volume: 57
  start-page: 563
  issue: 5
  year: 1988
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Effects of ingesting 6% and 12% glucose/electrolyte beverages during prolonged intermittent cycling in the heat
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00418463
  contributor:
    fullname: Slentz
– volume: 2
  start-page: 317
  issue: 4
  year: 1992
  end-page: 27
  ident: CR80
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and performance in runners
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Moffatt
– volume: 23
  start-page: 279
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  end-page: 84
  ident: CR117
  article-title: Influence of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution ingested during running on muscle glycogen utilisation in fed humans
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2002-29078
  contributor:
    fullname: Nowitz
– volume: 16
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 1984
  end-page: 22
  ident: CR125
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate feedings on muscle glycogen utilization and exercise performance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 18
  start-page: 125
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Carbohydrate-electrolyte feedings improve 1 h time trial cycling performance
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972607
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagenmakers
– volume: 10
  start-page: 326
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  end-page: 39
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation attenuates muscle glycogen loss during acute bouts of resistance exercise
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  contributor:
    fullname: Potteiger
– volume: 306
  start-page: 895
  issue: 15
  year: 1982
  end-page: 900
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise in normal men
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM198204153061503
  contributor:
    fullname: Minagawa
– volume: 19
  start-page: 597
  issue: 6
  year: 1987
  end-page: 604
  ident: CR60
  article-title: The effect of fluid and carbohydrate feedings during intermittent cycling exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– year: 2008
  ident: CR110
  article-title: Mouth rinse but not ingestion of a carbohydrate solution improves 1-h cycle time trial performance
  publication-title: Scand J Med Sci Sports
  contributor:
    fullname: Gilis
– volume: 162
  start-page: 261
  issue: 3
  year: 1998
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR133
  article-title: Energy supply and muscle fatigue in humans
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0298f.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Soderlund
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1021
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion and ambient temperature on muscle fatigue development in endurance-trained male cyclists
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Peake
– volume: 173
  start-page: 223
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  end-page: 30
  ident: CR95
  article-title: Exerciseinduced changes in brain glucose and serotonin revealed by microdialysis in rat hippocampus: effect of glucose supplementation
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00859.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Berthelot
– volume: 40
  start-page: 41
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR89
  article-title: Pre-exercise carbohydrate and fluid ingestion: influence of glycemic response on 10-km treadmill running performance in the heat
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Pizza
– volume: 81
  start-page: 2644
  issue: 6
  year: 1996
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Effects of glucose, glucose plus branched-chain amino acids, or placebo on bike performance over 100 km
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Kiens
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1115
  issue: 3
  year: 1996
  end-page: 20
  ident: CR121
  article-title: CHO feeding before prolonged exercise: effect of glycemic index on muscle glycogenolysis and exercise performance
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Stewart
– volume: 88
  start-page: 287
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 332
  ident: CR90
  article-title: Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Westerblad
– volume: 17
  start-page: 478
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  end-page: 90
  ident: CR150
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate, intense exercise, and rest intervals on hormonal and oxidative changes
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  contributor:
    fullname: Morrow
– volume: 38
  start-page: 281
  issue: 4
  year: 1998
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR156
  article-title: Effects of ascorbic acid and carbohydrate ingestion on exercise induced oxidative stress
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Sarna
– volume: 518
  start-page: 215
  issue: Pt1
  year: 1999
  end-page: 25
  ident: CR159
  article-title: Relations between excitability and contractility in rat soleus muscle: role of the Na -K pump and Na /K gradients
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0215r.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Flatman
– volume: 34
  start-page: 263
  issue: 3
  year: 1994
  end-page: 70
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on performance of non-fasted cyclists during a simulated 80-mile time trial
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Rudge
– volume: 156
  start-page: 169
  issue: 3
  year: 1996
  end-page: 81
  ident: CR169
  article-title: Effect of intracellular and extracellular ion changes on E-C coupling and skeletal muscle fatigue
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1996.191000.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Balog
– volume: 61
  start-page: 165
  issue: 1
  year: 1986
  end-page: 72
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hemmert
– year: 1987
  ident: CR94
  publication-title: Amino acids, brain neurotransmitters and a functional link between muscle and brain that is important in sustained exercise
  contributor:
    fullname: Blomstrand
– volume: 87
  start-page: 585
  issue: 5
  year: 2002
  end-page: 92
  ident: CR162
  article-title: Glucose infusion attenuates muscle fatigue in rat plantaris muscle during prolonged indirect stimulation in situ
  publication-title: Exp Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/eph8702391
  contributor:
    fullname: Gardiner
– volume: 15
  start-page: 97
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  end-page: 116
  ident: CR105
  article-title: Variability in exercise capacity and metabolic response during endurance exercise after a low carbohydrate diet
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  contributor:
    fullname: Bosch
– volume: 291
  start-page: E566
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  end-page: 73
  ident: CR157
  article-title: Carbohydrate ingestion does not alter skeletal muscle AMPK signaling during exercise in humans
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Linden
– volume: 7
  start-page: 261
  issue: 4
  year: 1997
  end-page: 73
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Carbohydrate drinks delay fatigue during intermittent, high-intensity cycling in active men and women
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Broadwell
– volume: 9
  start-page: 390
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR151
  article-title: Glucose ingestion attenuates the exercise-induced increase in circulating heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein 60 in humans
  publication-title: Cell Stress Chaperones
  doi: 10.1379/CSC-24R1.1
  contributor:
    fullname: Chung
– volume: 88
  start-page: 730
  issue: 2
  year: 2000
  end-page: 7
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Water and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise increase maximal neuromuscular power
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1063/1.373729
  contributor:
    fullname: Hodgkinson
– volume: 28
  start-page: 437
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  end-page: 43
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation and endurance performance of moderate altitude residents at 4300 m
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924515
  contributor:
    fullname: Muza
– volume: 77
  start-page: 88
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  end-page: 97
  ident: CR173
  article-title: Functional coupling between glycolysis and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport
  publication-title: Circ Res
  doi: 10.1161/01.RES.77.1.88
  contributor:
    fullname: Becker
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2220
  issue: 6
  year: 2000
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR36
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Angus
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1481
  issue: 4
  year: 1983
  end-page: 535
  ident: CR100
  article-title: Brain metabolism: a perspective from the blood-brain barrier
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Pardridge
– volume: 17
  start-page: 17
  year: 2002
  end-page: 21
  ident: CR134
  article-title: Muscle fatigue: lactic acid or inorganic phosphate the major cause
  publication-title: News Physiol Sci
  contributor:
    fullname: Lannergren
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1023
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  end-page: 30
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks: effects on endurance cycling in the heat
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Pate
– volume: 30
  start-page: 379
  issue: 4
  year: 2005
  end-page: 91
  ident: CR27
  article-title: The effect of sweetness on the efficacy of carbohydrate supplementation during exercise in the heat
  publication-title: Can J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1139/h05-128
  contributor:
    fullname: Jones
– volume: 95
  start-page: 330
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR165
  article-title: Insulin does not mediate the attenuation of fatigue associated with glucose infusion in rat plantaris muscle
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Gardiner
– volume: 34
  start-page: 161
  issue: 2
  year: 1994
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Carbohydrate drinks and cycling performance
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Rundell
– volume: 20
  start-page: 669
  issue: 7-8
  year: 2004
  end-page: 77
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance
  publication-title: Nutrition
  doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017
  contributor:
    fullname: Jeukendrup
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1071
  issue: 12
  year: 2007
  end-page: 88
  ident: CR141
  article-title: Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size: functional importance for oxidative metabolismin exercising human skeletal muscle
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737120-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Marwood
– volume: 45
  start-page: 425
  issue: 3
  year: 1978
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Glycogen depletion in exercising rats infused with glucose, lactate, or pyruvate
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Katsuta
– volume: 95
  start-page: 584
  issue: 2
  year: 2003
  end-page: 90
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Flynn
– volume: 4
  start-page: 483
  issue: 6
  year: 1984
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity for longterm exercise in well-trained men
  publication-title: Clin Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00134.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Hagenfeldt
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1703
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate feedings during high-intensity exercise
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 8
  start-page: 261
  issue: 4
  year: 1987
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Effect of sucrose and caffeine ingestion on performance of prolonged strenuous running
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025666
  contributor:
    fullname: Usui
– volume: 29
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 1997
  end-page: 57
  ident: CR96
  article-title: Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00008
  contributor:
    fullname: Bailey
– volume: 4
  start-page: 64
  year: 1998
  end-page: 76
  ident: CR147
  article-title: Influence of carbohydrate on the immune response to intensive, prolonged exercise
  publication-title: Exerc Immunol Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1477
  issue: 4
  year: 1993
  end-page: 85
  ident: CR84
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation spares muscle glycogen during variable-intensity exercise
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Anderla
– volume: 15
  start-page: 466
  issue: 6
  year: 1983
  end-page: 71
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Endurance improved by ingestion of a glucose polymer supplement
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Dover
– volume: 74
  start-page: 49
  issue: 1
  year: 1994
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR92
  article-title: Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.49
  contributor:
    fullname: Fitts
– volume: 261
  start-page: 71
  issue: 1Pt1
  year: 1991
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR146
  article-title: Carbohydrate supplementation attenuates IMP accumulation in human muscle during prolonged exercise
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Katz
– volume: 81
  start-page: 801
  issue: 2
  year: 1996
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR75
  article-title: Carbohydrate ingestion and single muscle fiber glycogen metabolism during prolonged running in men
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Boobis
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 1987
  end-page: 28
  ident: CR113
  article-title: Muscle glycogen and exercise endurance: a twenty-year perspective
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  doi: 10.1249/00003677-198700150-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Conlee
– volume: 35
  start-page: 589
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR102
  article-title: CNS fatigue and prolonged exercise: effect of glucose supplementation
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058433.85789.66
  contributor:
    fullname: Nybo
– volume: 259
  start-page: 834
  issue: 5Pt1
  year: 1990
  end-page: 41
  ident: CR142
  article-title: Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in human muscle during prolonged exercise
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Broberg
– volume: 20
  start-page: 26
  issue: 1
  year: 1988
  end-page: 33
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Effects of electrolyte and nutrient solutions on performance and metabolic balance
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198802000-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Consolazio
– volume: 3
  start-page: 408
  issue: 4
  year: 1993
  end-page: 17
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate composition on fluid balance, gastric emptying, and exercise performance
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Sobszak
– volume: 40
  start-page: 2096
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  end-page: 104
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Substrate metabolism and exercise performance with caffeine and carbohydrate intake
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318182a9c7
  contributor:
    fullname: Jeukendrup
– volume: 472
  start-page: 521
  year: 1993
  end-page: 36
  ident: CR164
  article-title: Na(+)-K+ pump stimulation elicits recovery of contractility in K(+)-paralysed rat muscle
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Flatman
– volume: 15
  start-page: 223
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  end-page: 30
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1 h simulated cycling time trial
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/026404197367506
  contributor:
    fullname: Rattu
– volume: 489
  start-page: 243
  issue: Pt1
  year: 1995
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR127
  article-title: Carbohydrate ingestion and glycogen utilization in different muscle fibre types in man
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Boobis
– volume: 69
  start-page: 989
  issue: 3
  year: 1990
  end-page: 94
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Glucose feedings and exercise in rats: glycogen use, hormone responses, and performance
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Settles
– volume: 88
  start-page: 113
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on cycling time trial performance
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Dancey
– volume: 282
  start-page: 1306
  issue: 6
  year: 2002
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR130
  article-title: Effects of glucose on contractile function, [Ca ]i, and glycogen in isolated mouse skeletal muscle
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Katz
– volume: 5
  start-page: 215
  issue: 3
  year: 1995
  end-page: 24
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Effects of carbohydrate feeding before and during prolonged exercise on subsequent maximal exercise performance capacity
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  contributor:
    fullname: Roberts
– volume: 66
  start-page: 65
  issue: 1
  year: 1993
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Glucose ingestion before and during exercise does not enhance performance of daily repeated endurance exercise
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00863402
  contributor:
    fullname: Mutoh
– volume: 63
  start-page: 2388
  issue: 6
  year: 1987
  end-page: 95
  ident: CR118
  article-title: Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 537
  start-page: 305
  issue: Pt1
  year: 2001
  end-page: 11
  ident: CR128
  article-title: Phosphocreatine degradation in type I and type II muscle fibres during submaximal exercise in man: effect of carbohydrate ingestion
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0305k.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Constantin-Teodosiu
– volume: 66
  start-page: 65
  issue: 1
  year: 1993
  ident: R66-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00863402
  contributor:
    fullname: Nishibata
– volume: 259
  start-page: C834
  issue: 5 Pt 1
  year: 1990
  ident: R142-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.5.C834
  contributor:
    fullname: Sahlin
– volume: 88
  start-page: 287
  issue: 1
  year: 2008 Jan
  ident: R90-3-20100821
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Allen
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1280
  issue: 9
  year: 1999 Sep
  ident: R64-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199909000-00008
  contributor:
    fullname: Nicholas
– volume: 13
  start-page: 283
  issue: 4
  year: 1995
  ident: R65-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640419508732241
  contributor:
    fullname: Nicholas
– volume: 166
  start-page: 341
  issue: 4
  year: 1999
  ident: R160-3-20100821
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.1999.00571.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Allen
– volume: 37
  start-page: 306
  issue: 2
  year: 2005 Feb
  ident: R82-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000152803.35130.A4
  contributor:
    fullname: Winnick
– volume: 15
  start-page: 466
  issue: 6
  year: 1983
  ident: R46-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198315060-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Ivy
– volume: 39
  start-page: 389
  issue: 5
  year: 2009
  ident: R91-3-20100821
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939050-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Ament
– volume: 35
  start-page: 589
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: R102-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058433.85789.66
  contributor:
    fullname: Nybo
– volume: 472
  start-page: 521
  year: 1993 Dec
  ident: R164-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019960
  contributor:
    fullname: Clausen
– volume: 85
  start-page: 3334
  issue: 15
  year: 2007 Nov 15
  ident: R99-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Neurosci Res
  doi: 10.1002/jnr.21274
  contributor:
    fullname: Dalsgaard
– volume: 60
  start-page: 54
  issue: 1
  year: 1990
  ident: R68-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00572186
  contributor:
    fullname: Powers
– volume: 87
  start-page: 1083
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  ident: R9-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1083
  contributor:
    fullname: McConell
– volume: 18
  start-page: 125
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  ident: R47-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972607
  contributor:
    fullname: Jeukendrup
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1481
  issue: 4
  year: 1983 Oct
  ident: R100-3-20100821
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.1983.63.4.1481
  contributor:
    fullname: Pardridge
– volume: 29
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 1997
  ident: R96-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00008
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 40
  start-page: 41
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: R89-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Mitchell
– volume: 5
  start-page: 151
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: R22-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.5.2.151
  contributor:
    fullname: Ball
– volume: 16
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 1984 Jun
  ident: R125-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198406000-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Hargreaves
– volume: 16
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 1984
  ident: R43-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198406000-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Hargreaves
– volume: 293
  start-page: R354
  issue: 1
  year: 2007 Jul
  ident: R167-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00701.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Green
– volume: 74
  start-page: 49
  issue: 1
  year: 1994
  ident: R92-3-20100821
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.1994.74.1.49
  contributor:
    fullname: Fitts
– volume: 86
  start-page: 150
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  ident: R106-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/s004210100513
  contributor:
    fullname: Collardeau
– volume: 261
  start-page: C71
  issue: 1 Pt 1
  year: 1991
  ident: R138-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.1.C71
  contributor:
    fullname: Spencer
– volume: 537
  start-page: 305
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 2001
  ident: R128-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0305k.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 565
  start-page: 637
  issue: Pt 2
  year: 2005 Jun 1
  ident: R144-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079939
  contributor:
    fullname: Dawson
– volume: 545
  start-page: 705
  issue: Pt 2
  year: 2002 Dec 1
  ident: R145-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.028084
  contributor:
    fullname: Gibala
– volume: 22
  start-page: 621
  issue: 5
  year: 1990
  ident: R56-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199010000-00013
  contributor:
    fullname: Millard-Stafford
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1476
  issue: 8
  year: 2006 Aug
  ident: R77-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a
  contributor:
    fullname: van Essen
– start-page: 54
  year: 1981
  ident: R101-3-20100821
  contributor:
    fullname: Koslowski
– volume: 7
  start-page: 261
  issue: 4
  year: 1997
  ident: R32-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.7.4.261
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 77
  start-page: 88
  issue: 1
  year: 1995 Jul
  ident: R173-3-20100821
  publication-title: Circ Res
  doi: 10.1161/01.RES.77.1.88
  contributor:
    fullname: Xu
– volume: 103
  start-page: 331
  issue: 1
  year: 2007 Jul
  ident: R166-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01170.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Stewart
– volume: 11
  start-page: 6
  issue: 1
  year: 1979
  ident: R45-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-199111010-00002
  contributor:
    fullname: Ivy
– volume: 519
  start-page: 177
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 1999 Aug 15
  ident: R132-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0177o.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Stephenson
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1082
  issue: 3
  year: 1991
  ident: R83-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.3.1082
  contributor:
    fullname: Wright
– volume: 27
  start-page: 200
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: R23-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199502000-00009
  contributor:
    fullname: Below
– volume: 37
  start-page: 835
  issue: 8
  year: 2003 Aug
  ident: R155-3-20100821
  publication-title: Free Radic Res
  doi: 10.1080/1071576031000136559
  contributor:
    fullname: McAnulty
– volume: 103
  start-page: 1986
  issue: 6
  year: 2007 Dec
  ident: R139-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01440.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Duhamel
– volume: 156
  start-page: 169
  issue: 3
  year: 1996
  ident: R169-3-20100821
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1996.191000.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Fitts
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1843
  issue: 5
  year: 1989
  ident: R58-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.1843
  contributor:
    fullname: Mitchell
– volume: 28
  start-page: 921
  issue: 11
  year: 2007 Nov
  ident: R149-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-964987
  contributor:
    fullname: McAnulty
– volume: 69
  start-page: 989
  issue: 3
  year: 1990
  ident: R7-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.989
  contributor:
    fullname: Slentz
– volume: 19
  start-page: 33
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  ident: R123-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198702000-00007
  contributor:
    fullname: Hargreaves
– volume: 4
  start-page: 483
  issue: 6
  year: 1984 Dec
  ident: R126-3-20100821
  publication-title: Clin Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00134.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Bjorkman
– volume: 1
  start-page: 338
  issue: 4
  year: 1991
  ident: R26-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.1.4.338
  contributor:
    fullname: Burgess
– volume: 291
  start-page: E566
  issue: 3
  year: 2006 Sep
  ident: R157-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2006
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee-Young
– volume: 5
  start-page: 329
  issue: 4
  year: 1995
  ident: R49-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.5.4.329
  contributor:
    fullname: Kang
– volume: 5
  start-page: 215
  issue: 3
  year: 1995
  ident: R35-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.5.3.215
  contributor:
    fullname: el-Sayed
– volume: 173
  start-page: 223
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  ident: R95-3-20100821
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00859.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Bequet
– volume: 30
  start-page: 105
  issue: 1
  year: 2005 Feb
  ident: R171-3-20100821
  publication-title: Can J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1139/h05-108
  contributor:
    fullname: Karelis
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1219
  issue: 11
  year: 2005 Nov
  ident: R154-3-20100821
  publication-title: Free Radic Res
  doi: 10.1080/10725760500317536
  contributor:
    fullname: McAnulty
– volume: 20
  start-page: 110
  issue: 2
  year: 1988
  ident: R10-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198820020-00002
  contributor:
    fullname: Mitchell
– volume: 40
  start-page: 96
  issue: 1
  year: 2008 Jan
  ident: R40-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181586b2c
  contributor:
    fullname: Foskett
– volume: 26
  start-page: 227
  issue: 3
  year: 2008 Feb 1
  ident: R67-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640410701459730
  contributor:
    fullname: Osterberg
– volume: 29
  start-page: 181
  issue: 3
  year: 2000 Mar
  ident: R2-3-20100821
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200029030-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Coombes
– volume: 17
  start-page: 17
  year: 2002
  ident: R134-3-20100821
  publication-title: News Physiol Sci
  contributor:
    fullname: Westerblad
– volume: 162
  start-page: 261
  issue: 3
  year: 1998
  ident: R133-3-20100821
  publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0298f.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Sahlin
– volume: 23
  start-page: 279
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  ident: R117-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2002-29078
  contributor:
    fullname: Chryssanthopoulos
– volume: 261
  start-page: C71
  issue: 1 Pt 1
  year: 1991 Jul
  ident: R146-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.1.C71
  contributor:
    fullname: Spencer
– volume: 498
  start-page: 17
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 1997 Jan 1
  ident: R129-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021838
  contributor:
    fullname: Chin
– volume: 118
  start-page: 789
  issue: 3
  year: 1997
  ident: R3-3-20100821
  publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00064-9
  contributor:
    fullname: el-Sayed
– volume: 61
  start-page: 391
  issue: 2
  year: 1986
  ident: R136-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.391
  contributor:
    fullname: Lewis
– volume: 10
  start-page: 326
  issue: 3
  year: 2000 Sep
  ident: R14-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.3.326
  contributor:
    fullname: Haff
– volume: 281
  start-page: E479
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: R161-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.3.E479
  contributor:
    fullname: Okamoto
– volume: 95
  start-page: 330
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: R165-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2003
  contributor:
    fullname: Karelis
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 1991
  ident: R1-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  doi: 10.1249/00003677-199101000-00001
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 23
  start-page: 713
  issue: 6
  year: 1991
  ident: R61-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199106000-00010
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– volume: 58
  start-page: 235
  issue: 2
  year: 1993 Aug
  ident: R103-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/58.2.235
  contributor:
    fullname: Horowitz
– volume: 15
  start-page: 97
  issue: 2
  year: 2005 Apr
  ident: R105-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.97
  contributor:
    fullname: Claassen
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1411
  issue: 4
  year: 2000
  ident: R170-3-20100821
  publication-title: Physiol Rev
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1411
  contributor:
    fullname: Sejersted
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1703
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  ident: R28-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1703
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 4
  start-page: 64
  year: 1998
  ident: R147-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exerc Immunol Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 32
  start-page: 749
  issue: 9
  year: 2005 Sep
  ident: R131-3-20100821
  publication-title: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04260.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Goodman
– volume: 17
  start-page: 478
  issue: 5
  year: 2007 Oct
  ident: R150-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.17.5.478
  contributor:
    fullname: McAnulty
– volume: 306
  start-page: 895
  issue: 15
  year: 1982
  ident: R38-3-20100821
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM198204153061503
  contributor:
    fullname: Felig
– volume: 38
  start-page: 286
  issue: 2
  year: 2006 Feb
  ident: R153-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000191437.69493.d4
  contributor:
    fullname: Scharhag
– volume: 518
  start-page: 215
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 1999
  ident: R159-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0215r.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Overgaard
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1380
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  ident: R37-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00006
  contributor:
    fullname: Febbraio
– year: 1987
  ident: R94-3-20100821
  contributor:
    fullname: Newsholme
– volume: 2
  start-page: 317
  issue: 4
  year: 1992
  ident: R80-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.2.4.317
  contributor:
    fullname: Wilber
– volume: 81
  start-page: 801
  issue: 2
  year: 1996
  ident: R75-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.801
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 61
  start-page: 165
  issue: 1
  year: 1986
  ident: R8-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.165
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 15
  start-page: 220
  issue: 3
  year: 2005 Jun
  ident: R70-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
  doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.3.220
  contributor:
    fullname: Rogers
– volume: 9
  start-page: 390
  issue: 4
  year: 2004 Winter
  ident: R151-3-20100821
  publication-title: Cell Stress Chaperones
  doi: 10.1379/CSC-24R1.1
  contributor:
    fullname: Febbraio
– volume: 27
  start-page: 882
  issue: 6
  year: 1995 Jun
  ident: R55-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199506000-00013
  contributor:
    fullname: Meyer
– volume: 19
  start-page: 597
  issue: 6
  year: 1987
  ident: R60-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198712000-00010
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– volume: 489
  start-page: 243
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 1995
  ident: R127-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021046
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 91
  start-page: 2125
  issue: 5
  year: 2001
  ident: R116-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2125
  contributor:
    fullname: Arkinstall
– volume: 94
  start-page: 2181
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  ident: R143-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2002
  contributor:
    fullname: Baldwin
– volume: 81
  start-page: 847
  issue: 5
  year: 1996
  ident: R53-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exp Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003981
  contributor:
    fullname: Maughan
– volume: 81
  start-page: 2644
  issue: 6
  year: 1996
  ident: R52-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2644
  contributor:
    fullname: Madsen
– volume: 62
  start-page: 983
  issue: 3
  year: 1987
  ident: R63-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.983
  contributor:
    fullname: Neufer
– volume: 88
  start-page: 113
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: R20-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.113
  contributor:
    fullname: Angus
– volume: 88
  start-page: 730
  issue: 2
  year: 2000
  ident: R41-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.730
  contributor:
    fullname: Fritzsche
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1477
  issue: 4
  year: 1993
  ident: R84-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1477
  contributor:
    fullname: Yaspelkis
– volume: 24
  start-page: 934
  issue: 8
  year: 1992
  ident: R57-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199208000-00016
  contributor:
    fullname: Millard-Stafford
– volume: 45
  start-page: 425
  issue: 3
  year: 1978
  ident: R6-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.3.425
  contributor:
    fullname: Bagby
– volume: Vol. 49
  year: 2001
  ident: R86-3-20100821
  contributor:
    fullname: Lipsey
– volume: 34
  start-page: 263
  issue: 3
  year: 1994
  ident: R51-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Langenfeld
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1553
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  ident: R122-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1553
  contributor:
    fullname: Hargreaves
– volume: 61
  start-page: 408
  issue: 5-6
  year: 1990
  ident: R124-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00236060
  contributor:
    fullname: Gorski
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1624
  issue: 11
  year: 1998
  ident: R73-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199811000-00011
  contributor:
    fullname: Sugiura
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1021
  issue: 4
  year: 2008 Apr
  ident: R16-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Abbiss
– year: 1988
  ident: R87-3-20100821
  contributor:
    fullname: Cohen
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1576
  issue: 5
  year: 2000
  ident: R137-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1576
  contributor:
    fullname: Snow
– volume: 281
  start-page: R1952
  issue: 6
  year: 2001
  ident: R172-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1952
  contributor:
    fullname: Verburg
– volume: 63
  start-page: 2388
  issue: 6
  year: 1987 Dec
  ident: R111-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2388
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 7
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 1989
  ident: R50-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/02640418908729817
  contributor:
    fullname: Kingwell
– volume: 282
  start-page: C1306
  issue: 6
  year: 2002 Jun
  ident: R130-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00490.2001
  contributor:
    fullname: Helander
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1289
  issue: 8
  year: 1998 Aug
  ident: R78-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00017
  contributor:
    fullname: Vergauwen
– volume: 15
  start-page: 223
  issue: 2
  year: 1997
  ident: R34-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Sci
  doi: 10.1080/026404197367506
  contributor:
    fullname: el-Sayed
– volume: 28
  start-page: 159
  issue: 4
  year: 2000
  ident: R158-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Nielsen
– volume: 38
  start-page: 281
  issue: 4
  year: 1998 Dec
  ident: R156-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Vasankari
– volume: 28
  start-page: 437
  issue: 5
  year: 2007 May
  ident: R42-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924515
  contributor:
    fullname: Fulco
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1057
  issue: 7
  year: 1995
  ident: R59-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-199507000-00015
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– volume: 277
  start-page: R1646
  issue: 6 Pt 2
  year: 1999
  ident: R168-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Harrison
– volume: 50
  start-page: 766
  issue: 4
  year: 1981
  ident: R88-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.766
  contributor:
    fullname: Bonen
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1214
  issue: 4
  year: 2007 Nov
  ident: R93-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Dumke
– volume: 87
  start-page: 585
  issue: 5
  year: 2002
  ident: R162-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exp Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/eph8702391
  contributor:
    fullname: Karelis
– volume: 20
  start-page: 26
  issue: 1
  year: 1988
  ident: R48-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198802000-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Johnson
– volume: 36
  start-page: 2107
  issue: 12
  year: 2004 Dec
  ident: R108-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000147585.65709.6F
  contributor:
    fullname: Carter
– volume: 15
  start-page: 257
  issue: 3
  year: 1975
  ident: R25-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Brooke
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2220
  issue: 6
  year: 2000
  ident: R36-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2220
  contributor:
    fullname: Febbraio
– volume: 55
  start-page: 230
  issue: 1 Pt 1
  year: 1983
  ident: R30-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.1.230
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1845
  issue: 5
  year: 2000
  ident: R120-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1845
  contributor:
    fullname: Febbraio
– volume: 59
  start-page: 152
  issue: 1-2
  year: 1989
  ident: R62-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF02396594
  contributor:
    fullname: Murray
– volume: 37
  start-page: 412
  issue: 4-5
  year: 2007
  ident: R148-3-20100821
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00036
  contributor:
    fullname: Nieman
– volume: 30
  start-page: 379
  issue: 4
  year: 2005 Aug
  ident: R27-3-20100821
  publication-title: Can J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1139/h05-128
  contributor:
    fullname: Carter
– volume: 9
  start-page: 320
  issue: 5
  year: 1988
  ident: R69-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1025032
  contributor:
    fullname: Riley
– volume: 462
  start-page: 135
  year: 1993
  ident: R140-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019547
  contributor:
    fullname: Phillips
– volume: 74
  start-page: 2998
  issue: 6
  year: 1993
  ident: R79-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.2998
  contributor:
    fullname: Widrick
– volume: 34
  start-page: 723
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  ident: R107-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  contributor:
    fullname: Welsh
– volume: 34
  start-page: 161
  issue: 2
  year: 1994
  ident: R21-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Bacharach
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1101
  issue: 4
  year: 2008 Jul
  ident: R15-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816d679b
  contributor:
    fullname: Kulik
– volume: 65
  start-page: 513
  issue: 6
  year: 1992
  ident: R98-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00602357
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 25
  start-page: 7
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  ident: R114-3-20100821
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825010-00002
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 20
  start-page: 669
  issue: 7-8
  year: 2004 Jul-Aug
  ident: R4-3-20100821
  publication-title: Nutrition
  doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017
  contributor:
    fullname: Jeukendrup
– volume: 3
  start-page: 127
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  ident: R74-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.127
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 95
  start-page: 584
  issue: 2
  year: 2003 Aug
  ident: R19-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2002
  contributor:
    fullname: Andrews
– volume: 8
  start-page: 203
  issue: 3
  year: 1987
  ident: R72-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025656
  contributor:
    fullname: Sasaki
– volume: 40
  start-page: 275
  issue: 2
  year: 2008 Feb
  ident: R112-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19
  contributor:
    fullname: Currell
– volume: 77
  start-page: 49
  year: 1932
  ident: R5-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1932.sp002949
  contributor:
    fullname: Dill
– volume: 104
  start-page: 296
  issue: 1
  year: 2008 Jan
  ident: R135-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00908.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Allen
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1115
  issue: 3
  year: 1996
  ident: R121-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.3.1115
  contributor:
    fullname: Febbraio
– volume: 2
  start-page: 239
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  ident: R85-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.2.3.239
  contributor:
    fullname: Zachwieja
– volume: 21
  start-page: 341
  issue: 3
  year: 1998 Mar
  ident: R104-3-20100821
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.3.341
  contributor:
    fullname: King
– volume: 242
  start-page: 198
  issue: 5394
  year: 1973
  ident: R97-3-20100821
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/242198a0
  contributor:
    fullname: Curzon
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1071
  issue: 12
  year: 2007
  ident: R141-3-20100821
  publication-title: Sports Med
  doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737120-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Bowtell
– volume: 40
  start-page: 2096
  issue: 12
  year: 2008 Dec
  ident: R44-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318182a9c7
  contributor:
    fullname: Hulston
– volume: 16
  start-page: 461
  issue: 7
  year: 1995
  ident: R18-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973038
  contributor:
    fullname: Anantaraman
– volume: 58
  start-page: 481
  issue: 5
  year: 1989
  ident: R54-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF02330701
  contributor:
    fullname: Maughan
– volume: 19
  start-page: 37
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  ident: R39-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/00005768-198702000-00008
  contributor:
    fullname: Flynn
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1373
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  ident: R76-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00005
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsintzas
– volume: 60
  start-page: 112
  issue: 2
  year: 1990
  ident: R81-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00846030
  contributor:
    fullname: Williams
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1969
  issue: 11
  year: 2007 Nov
  ident: R17-3-20100821
  publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc
  doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb3e3
  contributor:
    fullname: Ali
– volume: 57
  start-page: 563
  issue: 5
  year: 1988
  ident: R31-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/BF00418463
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 8
  start-page: 261
  issue: 4
  year: 1987
  ident: R71-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sports Med
  doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025666
  contributor:
    fullname: Sasaki
– volume: 5
  start-page: 192
  issue: 4
  year: 1991
  ident: R12-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Sport Science Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Lambert
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 1987
  ident: R113-3-20100821
  publication-title: Exerc Sport Sci Rev
  doi: 10.1249/00003677-198700150-00004
  contributor:
    fullname: Conlee
– volume: 63
  start-page: 2388
  issue: 6
  year: 1987
  ident: R118-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2388
  contributor:
    fullname: Coggan
– volume: 548
  start-page: 139
  issue: Pt 1
  year: 2003
  ident: R174-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Ortenblad
– volume: 17
  start-page: 187
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: R11-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Strength Cond Res
  contributor:
    fullname: Haff
– volume: 3
  start-page: 408
  issue: 4
  year: 1993
  ident: R29-3-20100821
  publication-title: Int J Sport Nutr
  doi: 10.1123/ijsn.3.4.408
  contributor:
    fullname: Cole
– volume: 19
  start-page: 218
  issue: 3
  year: 1967
  ident: R115-3-20100821
  publication-title: Scand J Clin Lab Invest
  doi: 10.3109/00365516709090629
  contributor:
    fullname: Bergstrom
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1023
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  ident: R33-3-20100821
  publication-title: Am J Clin Nutr
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/48.4.1023
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 587
  start-page: 1779
  issue: Pt 8
  year: 2009 Apr 15
  ident: R109-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Physiol
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285
  contributor:
    fullname: Chambers
– volume: 41
  start-page: 216
  issue: 2
  year: 2001
  ident: R13-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Sports Med Phys Fitness
  contributor:
    fullname: Haff
– volume: 93
  start-page: 569
  issue: 5-6
  year: 2005 Mar
  ident: R163-3-20100821
  publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1273-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Marcil
– volume: 342
  start-page: 949
  issue: 3
  year: 2006 Apr 14
  ident: R152-3-20100821
  publication-title: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.057
  contributor:
    fullname: Akerstrom
– volume: 4
  start-page: 483
  issue: 6
  year: 1984
  ident: R24-3-20100821
  publication-title: Clin Physiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00134.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Bjorkman
– volume: 70
  start-page: 834
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  ident: R119-3-20100821
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.834
  contributor:
    fullname: Coyle
SSID ssj0005842
Score 2.2935445
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism( s), which...
It is well established that carbohydrate (CHO) administration increases performance during prolonged exercise in humans and animals. The mechanism(s), which...
SourceID proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
pascalfrancis
springer
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 747
SubjectTerms Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Exercise tests
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Health aspects
Humans
Hypoglycemia - metabolism
Hypoglycemia - prevention & control
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Methods
Muscle Fatigue
Physical Endurance - physiology
Physiological aspects
Review Article
Sports Medicine
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Subtitle What Are the Potential Mechanisms Involved?
Title Carbohydrate Administration and Exercise Performance
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/11533080-000000000-00000
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726621
https://www.proquest.com/docview/746044368
https://search.proquest.com/docview/748972756
https://search.proquest.com/docview/815543732
Volume 40
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEB6aDYRAyaNNUuex-FDoya0tWZJ9XLYbltCWQFLozUiWTCHgDdndQ_99Z9ayjUmTQuKTQLIeo5H0jTT6BPCRp8Iqy9OIN6TaikfaCBOVFd1X0aYUmrYG5jfqx6_s64xocvJu66K--9yeSG4mavJVTqT4khAwQXgTxe3XhLZgG1cggSq-PZldzb_1_h3Z5uUc1F8WoU3g3XiezWuwNvkZ-u29XqK0quaZi3_h0EdnqJul6XL_FY06gD2PR8NJo0CH8MbV72Dnuz9xfw_pVD-Yxe8_liglwiHVbqhrG878m03hdX8F4Qh-Xs5up_PIv7QQlakUq8jFwpUKTQ9V5rpKpLVVqphF4zHLjHOSSxnnLHOpYbkzCJmklZx603DLXR7zYxjVi9p9gJBLx2SlKmYRqMR5iQakNJoR7aJJpBEBJK2Mi_uGUKNAQ4TEUbTiKDpxNKEAPlFnFDTmsIWl9lcHsERiryomjFOdFM8DOB-kxLFSDqLHg-7saoC4EqGZkAGctf1b-MG8LFQq45SY-gMIu1jKmfzTardYU5IsV8Sk_3SSjJAbV5wFcNIoTl96rBAnsSQA1qpJX_r_hHP6kp_OYLdxgyBnuXMYrR7W7gK2lnY99uPoL9fMDBY
link.rule.ids 315,782,786,27933,27934,41073,42142,48344,48347,48357,49649,49652,49662,52153
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEB6aBNpC6LuNmzT1odCTqS3Jkp3bkux2Q7NLoVvoTUiWTE7esI9D_31n1vIupmkKiU8Cy3qMRtI31swngE9c5E45LhLekmornhib26SqKV7F2Co39Gtg_ENNfxUXQ6LJOetiYTbe7t2R5GalJmflTOZfMkImiG-StHva1B4ciFIK1OiDweXs62jn4FFsrs5BBWYJGgXBj-fOsnqbU1iiD2_MEsVVt_dc3AZE_zpE3exNo-cP6dULeBYQaTxoVeglPPLNK3g8CWfur0Gcm4WdX_92RCoR98l2Y9O4eBhubYq_74IQ3sDP0XB2Pk7CXQtJJWS-Snya-0qh8aGq0tSZdK4Wijk0H4vCei-5lGnJCi8sK71F0CSd5DSeljvuy5S_hf1m3vgjiLn0TNaqZg6hSlpWaEJKaxgRL9pM2jyCrBOyvmkpNTSaIiQO3YlDb8XRpiL4TKOhadZhDysTggewRuKv0gPGqU2KlxGc9HLibKl6r09747ltASJLBGe5jOC4G2AdpvNSKyFTQVz9EcTbt1Qyeag1fr6mLEWpiEv_31kKwm5ccRbBu1ZzdrWnCpESyyJgnZrsav-fcN7f56OP8GQ8m1zpq8vpt2N42jpFkOvcCeyvFmv_AfaWbn0aJtUfCJsQBg
linkToPdf http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEB7ygFAobdKnm0d9KPRkYkuyZB-XZJdtmoZAWuhNSJZMT94lu3vov-_MSt7FtEmh1CeBZD1GI-sba-YTwAcuSqccFxkPpNqKZ8aWNmtailcxtikN_RqY3qmb79XlmGhyJn0szNrbvT-SDDENxNLULc_nrl07LheyPC8IpSDWyfL-Cald2Bdoz6C-74_GV9PrrbNHtb5GB5WZZWggRJ-eR-sabFTxc_10bhYoujbcefEnUPrbgep6n5o8_18jPIRnEammo6BaR7Djuxdw8CWexb8EcWHu7ezHT0dkE-mQhDc1nUvH8Tan9HYbnPAKvk3GXy-mWbyDIWuELJeZz0vfKDRKVFObtpDOtUIxh2ZlVVnvJZcyr1nlhWW1twimpJOc5tlyx32d89ew1806_xZSLj2TrWqZQwiT1w2altIaRoSMtpC2TKDoBa7ngWpDo4lC4tC9OPRGHCGVwEeaGU2rEUfYmBhUgC0Sr5UeMU59UrxO4GRQEldRM8g-G8ztpgeIOBG0lTKB436ydVzmC62EzAVx-CeQbnKpZvJc6_xsRUWqWhHH_sNFKsJ0XHGWwJugRdvWc4UIihUJsF5ltq3_TTjv_uWl93BweznR159uPh_Dk-ArQR51J7C3vF_5U9hduNVZXF-_ACu2GMk
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Carbohydrate+Administration+and+Exercise+Performance&rft.jtitle=Sports+medicine+%28Auckland%29&rft.au=Karelis%2C+Antony+D.&rft.au=Smith%2C+John+Eric+W.&rft.au=Passe%2C+Dennis+H.&rft.au=P%C3%A9ronnet%2C+Francois&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.issn=0112-1642&rft.eissn=1179-2035&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=747&rft.epage=763&rft_id=info:doi/10.2165%2F11533080-000000000-00000&rft.externalDocID=10_2165_11533080_000000000_00000
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0112-1642&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0112-1642&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0112-1642&client=summon