Recent Advances in Immunosafety and Nanoinformatics of Two-Dimensional Materials Applied to Nano-imaging

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 689519
• Main Authors: Da Silva, Gabriela H, Franqui, Lidiane S, Petry, Romana, Maia, Marcella T, Fonseca, Leandro C, Fazzio, Adalberto, Alves, Oswaldo L, Martinez, Diego Stéfani T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 03-06-2021
• Subjects: Animals; bioimaging; Computational Biology; Contrast Media - adverse effects; Humans; Immune System - drug effects; Immune System - immunology; Immune System - metabolism; Immunity - drug effects; Immunology; immunotoxicity; Molecular Imaging - adverse effects; nanobiotechnology; nanomaterials; nanosafety; Nanostructures - adverse effects; Nanotechnology; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; immunotoxicity; nanobiotechnology; nanomaterials; nanosafety; bioimaging
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689519

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as an important class of nanomaterials for technological innovation due to their remarkable physicochemical properties, including sheet-like morphology and minimal thickness, high surface area, tuneable chemical composition, and surface functionalization. These materials are being proposed for new applications in energy, health, and the environment; these are all strategic society sectors toward sustainable development. Specifically, 2D materials for nano-imaging have shown exciting opportunities in
and
models, providing novel molecular imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence and luminescence optical imaging and others. Therefore, given the growing interest in 2D materials, it is mandatory to evaluate their impact on the immune system in a broader sense, because it is responsible for detecting and eliminating foreign agents in living organisms. This mini-review presents an overview on the frontier of research involving 2D materials applications, nano-imaging and their immunosafety aspects. Finally, we highlight the importance of nanoinformatics approaches and computational modeling for a deeper understanding of the links between nanomaterial physicochemical properties and biological responses (immunotoxicity/biocompatibility) towards enabling immunosafety-by-design 2D materials.