A study of the predonation hemoglobin and iron status among Hong Kong Chinese blood donors
BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study...
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| Published in: | Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 53; no. 2; pp. 322 - 327 |
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| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (Group 1—eligible first time donors, Group 2—eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, Group 3—eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, Group 4—repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann‐Whitney test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and chi‐square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. |
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| AbstractList | Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong.
This observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (group 1-eligible first time donors, group 2-eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, group 3-eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, group 4-repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis.
A total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in groups 1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH.
This is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. BACKGROUNDPredonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (group 1-eligible first time donors, group 2-eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, group 3-eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, group 4-repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis.RESULTSA total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in groups 1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (Group1--eligible first time donors, Group2--eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, Group 3--eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, Group4--repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in Groups1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (Group 1—eligible first time donors, Group 2—eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, Group 3—eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, Group 4—repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann‐Whitney test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and chi‐square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study was initiated to assess the PDH and iron status of blood donors in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study was designed with four groups of whole blood donors invited (Group 1—eligible first time donors, Group 2—eligible repeat donors with zero or one donation in preceding 12 months, Group 3—eligible repeat donors with at least two donations in preceding 12 months, Group 4—repeat donors being deferred for low PDH). Predonation blood samples were obtained for blood counts and iron status. Mann‐Whitney test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and chi‐square test for trend were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 836 donors were recruited, of which 35 were excluded because of hemoglobinopathy. An inverse relationship between serum ferritin level and number of donations in the preceding 12 months was observed in both sexes. Iron deficiency was significantly seen in 35.1% of male and 65.3% of female deferred donors. More importantly, up to 7.2, 5.8, and 29.5% of the female donors in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were found to be iron deficient despite having a high enough PDH. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess PDH and iron status in Chinese blood donors. Iron depletion is noted with increasing number of blood donations in the preceding 12 months. Advice on iron repletion is a necessary step for donor welfare and strategies should be developed to ensure that donors have adequate PDH. |
| Author | Wong, H.K. Lin, C.K. Lee, C.K. Hong, J. Tsoi, W.C. Leung, J.N.S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: C.K. surname: Lee fullname: Lee, C.K. email: ckleea@ha.org.hk organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China – sequence: 2 givenname: H.K. surname: Wong fullname: Wong, H.K. organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China – sequence: 3 givenname: J. surname: Hong fullname: Hong, J. organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China – sequence: 4 givenname: J.N.S. surname: Leung fullname: Leung, J.N.S. organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China – sequence: 5 givenname: W.C. surname: Tsoi fullname: Tsoi, W.C. organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China – sequence: 6 givenname: C.K. surname: Lin fullname: Lin, C.K. organization: From the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00887.x 10.1182/blood.V50.3.441.441 10.1046/j.1365-3148.2000.00239.x 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04074.x 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91856-4 10.1001/jama.1981.03310450030018 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04045.x 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1983.23383224900.x 10.1016/j.sleep.2003.09.010 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1991.tb00136.x 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00980.x 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91446-3 10.1007/BF01714957 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1981.tb01059.x 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01601.x 10.4065/78.1.52 10.1016/j.blre.2008.08.001 10.1093/ajcp/66.5.870 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00979.x 10.1016/S0308-2261(18)30044-4 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00969.x 10.1111/j.0958-7578.2005.00590.x 10.1024/0300-9831.76.3.132 10.1590/S1516-31802001000400003 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 41 start-page: 336 year: 1981 end-page: 43 article-title: The Hippocratian principle of “primum nil nocere” demands that the metabolic state of a donor should be normalized prior to a subsequent donation of blood or plasma. 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| Snippet | BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor... Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor deferral. A study... BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors’ welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor... BACKGROUND: Predonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor... BACKGROUNDPredonation hemoglobin (PDH) is used to safeguard donors' welfare, and low hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be the most frequent reason for donor... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Anemia Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - blood Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - diagnosis Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - ethnology Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Asian Continental Ancestry Group Biological and medical sciences Blood & organ donations Blood Donors - statistics & numerical data Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis Bone marrow, stem cells transplantation. Graft versus host reaction Female Health Status Hemoglobins - analysis Hong Kong - epidemiology Humans Iron Iron - analysis Iron - blood Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Nutritional Status - ethnology Nutritional Status - physiology Time Factors Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy Young Adult |
| Title | A study of the predonation hemoglobin and iron status among Hong Kong Chinese blood donors |
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