Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is a biomarker in patients with diabetes and periodontitis

• Published in: Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 18; no. 4; pp. 505 - 510
• Main Authors: Radhakrishnan, Preethi, Srikanth, Padma, Seshadri, Krishna G, Barani, Ramya, Samanta, Maitreya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01-07-2014; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Age; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Diabetics; Glycemic control; Identification and classification; Medical examination; Original; Pathogenesis; Patients; Periodontitis; Physiological aspects; Properties; serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1; Software; Studies; Glycemic control; periodontitis; serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
• ISSN: 2230-8210; 2230-9500
• DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.137498

The role of serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a biomarker of periodontitis is well documented; however, its role in diabetic patients with periodontitis is unknown.
This study was conducted to determine the presence and concentration of serum MCP-1 in diabetic patients with and without periodontitis and correlate it glycemic status with periodontitis.
Adult diabetic patients were enrolled and grouped into group I, II, and III based on their glycemic status and serum MCP-1 estimated by ELISA. Linear regression and correlation tests were performed using R statistical software, Medcalc software to observe correlation between the serum MCP-1 and glycated hemoglobin level among different groups.
Serum samples obtained from 37 patients tested positive for MCP-1. Mean serum MCP-1 concentration was highest (482.3 pg/ml) in group III, lowest (149.3 pg/ml) in group I, and intermediate 398.8 pg/ml in group II. Correlation and regression analysis was done between HbA1c and serum MCP-1. A significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was observed. Serum MCP-1 increased by 37.278 pg/ml for every 1% rise in HbA1c, and the levels were raised in group II and group III than in group I irrespective of their glycemic status. With an HbA1c range of 6.5-6.9% (group II), the serum MCP-1 values cluster around 380-410 pg/ml. Elevated levels of serum MCP-1 (>500 pg/ml) in three subjects corresponded to HbA1c values more than 12.2% (group III).
To our knowledge, this is the first study to document serum MCP-1 levels in diabetic patients with periodontitis. Glycemic status influences serum MCP-1, and lack of glycemic control contributes to increased serum MCP-1 levels. Serum MCP-1 may thus serve as a biomarker of inflammation and disease progression in diabetes with periodontitis.