Repopulation techniques for Macrocystis integrifolia (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales) in Atacama, Chile
The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laborato...
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| Published in: | Journal of applied phycology Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 511 - 518 |
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| Abstract | The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150–200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate ≈ 1.3–1.7 % day⁻¹), and reproductive maturity in 5–7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar (≈2.4–2.6 % day⁻¹). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratory-grown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata. |
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| AbstractList | The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150–200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate ≈ 1.3–1.7 % day⁻¹), and reproductive maturity in 5–7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar (≈2.4–2.6 % day⁻¹). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratory-grown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata. The giant kelp Macrocystis ( integrifolia ) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150–200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate ≈ 1.3–1.7 % day −1 ), and reproductive maturity in 5–7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar (≈2.4–2.6 % day −1 ). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratory-grown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata. The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150-200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate approximately 1.3-1.7 % day-1), and reproductive maturity in 5-7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar ( approximately 2.4-2.6 % day-1). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratory-grown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata. The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150-200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate[asymptotically =]1.3-1.7 % day^sup -1^), and reproductive maturity in 5-7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar ([asymptotically =]2.4-2.6 % day^sup -1^). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratory-grown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata. |
| Author | Müller, Dieter G Westermeier, Renato Murúa, Pedro Atero, Carlos Muñoz, Liliana Patiño, David J |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1139/b78-007 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00054-7 10.3354/meps302049 10.1515/botm.1990.33.4.363 10.1111/pre.12013 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1187 10.1007/s10811-009-9466-1 10.1023/A:1008135515037 10.1007/s10811-011-9752-6 10.1016/j.energy.2010.06.005 10.1515/BOT.2000.029 10.1007/BF00003791 10.1007/s10811-012-9898-x 10.1007/s10811-010-9508-8 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.02.010 10.1007/s10811-006-9126-7 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00752.x 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00845.x 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1993.00001.x 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01414.x 10.1023/A:1025183100958 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb00076.x |
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| Keywords | Cotton gauze sleeve Repopulation Elastic band Atacama Chile Cyanoacrylate glue Sporophyll |
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| References_xml | – ident: CR22 – start-page: 247 year: 1992 end-page: 254 ident: CR6 article-title: The quantitative analysis of plant growth publication-title: Studies in Ecology contributor: fullname: Evans – volume: 56 start-page: 69 year: 1978 end-page: 79 ident: CR5 article-title: Distribution of in British Columbia as related to environmental parameters publication-title: Can J Bot doi: 10.1139/b78-007 contributor: fullname: Druehl – volume: 47 start-page: 198 year: 2003 end-page: 201 ident: CR20 article-title: Ecology and restoration techniques for Sargassum beds in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan publication-title: Mar Pollut Bull doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00054-7 contributor: fullname: Iseki – volume: 204 start-page: 445 issue: 205 year: 1996 end-page: 451 ident: CR17 article-title: Cultivation of (Phaeophyceae; Laminariales) in southeastern Alaskan waters publication-title: Hydrobiologia contributor: fullname: Else – volume: 302 start-page: 49 year: 2005 end-page: 61 ident: CR1 article-title: Restoration of the bull kelp in nearshore rocky habitats publication-title: Mar Ecol Prog Ser doi: 10.3354/meps302049 contributor: fullname: Ewing – volume: 33 start-page: 363 year: 1990 end-page: 367 ident: CR23 article-title: Population dynamics of (L.) 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| Snippet | The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed... The giant kelp Macrocystis ( integrifolia ) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we... |
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| SubjectTerms | Artificial reefs Biomedical and Life Sciences cotton Ecology explants Freshwater & Marine Ecology Laminariales Life Sciences macroalgae Macrocystis Macrocystis integrifolia Phaeophyceae Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Repopulation rocks Seedlings spores sporophytes |
| Title | Repopulation techniques for Macrocystis integrifolia (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales) in Atacama, Chile |
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