Brain expression of inflammatory mediators in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy patients

• Published in: Journal of neuroimmunology Vol. 313; pp. 82 - 88
• Main Authors: Leal, Bárbara, Chaves, João, Carvalho, Cláudia, Rangel, Rui, Santos, Agostinho, Bettencourt, Andreia, Lopes, João, Ramalheira, João, Silva, Berta M., da Silva, António Martins, Costa, Paulo P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-12-2017
• Subjects: Activated microglia; Adult; Brain - metabolism; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe - immunology; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe - pathology; Female; Hippocampus; HLA-DR Antigens - metabolism; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Microglia - metabolism; Microglia - pathology; Middle Aged; Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism; Young Adult; AMPA; Cytokines; Epilepsy; Inflammation; HMGB1; FS; TNF; Activated microglia; ASD; TGF; GABA; NMDA; TLR; HLA; ATP; MTLE-HS; Hippocampus; PET; DAMP
• ISSN: 0165-5728; 1872-8421
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.014

Neuroinflammation may be central in epileptogenesis. In this study we analysed inflammatory reaction markers in brain tissue of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (MTLE-HS) patients. TLR4, IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression as well as the presence of activated HLA-DR+ microglia was evaluated in 23 patients and 10 cadaveric controls. Inflammation characterized by the presence of HLA-DR+ microglia and TLR4, IL-1β overexpression was evident in hippocampus and anterior temporal cortex of MTLE-HS patients. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 was also overexpressed in MTLE-HS patients. Our results show that hippocampal neuroinflammation extends beyond lesional limits, as far as the anterior temporal cortex.
•Activated microglia is present in hippocampus and anterior cortex of MTLE-HS.•IL-1β and TLR4 are upregulated in hippocampus and cortex of MTLE-HS patients.•Cortical and hippocampal upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in MTLE-HS patients.•Inflammatory response associated with seizure propagation.