EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 23060
• Main Authors: Villa, Oscar, Wohlfahrt, Johan C., Koldsland, Odd Carsten, Brookes, Steven J., Lyngstadaas, Staale P., Aass, Anne M., Reseland, Janne E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15-03-2016; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/250/127; 631/80/304; 82/47; Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis; Animals; Biological effects; Cell culture; Cells, Cultured; Chemokines; Chemotaxis; Chronic Periodontitis - drug therapy; Chronic Periodontitis - metabolism; Chronic Periodontitis - surgery; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Dental Enamel Proteins - pharmacology; Enamel; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - cytology; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - metabolism; Gingiva; Gingiva - cytology; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - drug effects; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - metabolism; Growth factors; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Middle Aged; Molecular weight; multidisciplinary; Peptides; Periodontics; Periodontium - drug effects; Periodontium - physiopathology; Periodontium - surgery; Platelet-derived growth factor; Platelet-derived growth factor BB; Proteolysis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis - metabolism; Regeneration - drug effects; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Surgery; Transforming growth factor; Transforming Growth Factor alpha - metabolism; Wound healing; Wound Healing - drug effects
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep23060

The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) contains hundreds of peptides in different levels of proteolytic processing that may provide a range of biological effects of importance in wound healing. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of EMD and its fractions on the cytokine profiles from human gingival fibroblasts
in vitro
and in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical study (n = 12). Levels of cytokines in cell culture medium and in GCF were measured by Luminex over a 2-week period. In the clinical study, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased, whereas the levels of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were reduced. The
in vitro
study showed that EMD and its high and low molecular weight fractions reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to untreated cells. EMD had an effect on levels of cytokines related to fibroplasia, angiogenesis, inflammation and chemotaxis both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, however, the anti-inflammatory effect induced by EMD observed in the
in vitro
study could not be confirmed clinically.