Nutrition in alcohol-related liver disease: Physiopathology and management

Malnutrition encompassing both macro- and micro-nutrient deficiency, remains one of the most frequent complications of alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD). Protein-energy malnutrition can cause significant complications including sarcopenia, frailty and immunodepression in cirrhotic patients. Malnu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 26; no. 22; pp. 2916 - 2930
Main Authors:	Kamran, Umair, Towey, Jennifer, Khanna, Amardeep, Chauhan, Abhishek, Rajoriya, Neil, Holt, Andrew
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 14-06-2020
Subjects:	Humans Liver Cirrhosis Malnutrition - etiology Malnutrition - therapy Nutrition Assessment Nutritional Status Quality of Life Review Micronutrients Nutritional assessment Sarcopenia Nutrition support Malnutrition Alcohol-related liver disease
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Summary:	Malnutrition encompassing both macro- and micro-nutrient deficiency, remains one of the most frequent complications of alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD). Protein-energy malnutrition can cause significant complications including sarcopenia, frailty and immunodepression in cirrhotic patients. Malnutrition reduces patient's survival and negatively affects the quality of life of individuals with ArLD. Moreover, nutritional deficit increases the likelihood of hepatic decompensation in cirrhosis. Prompt recognition of at-risk individuals, early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition remains a key component of ArLD management. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of malnutrition in ArLD, review the screening tools available for nutritional assessment and discuss nutritional management strategies relevant to the different stages of ArLD, ranging from acute alcoholic hepatitis through to decompensated end stage liver disease.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Corresponding author: Andrew Holt, FRCP, PhD, Doctor, Consultant Hepatologist, The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom. andrew.holt@uhb.nhs.uk Author contributions: Kamran U and Towey J equally contributed to the generation of this article and are acknowledged in equal standing in position of authorship. Kamran U and Khanna A performed literature search; Kamran U was leaded with writing original draft, contributed in the conceptualization; Kamran U and Towey J contributed to designing article; Towey J contributed to writing nutritional assessment and management sections; Khanna A wrote pathophysiology section; Chauhan A provided input in writing abstract and discussion; Rajoriya N and Holt A equally contributed to overall supervision in the generation of the manuscript and are acknowledged in equal standing in position of authorship, making critical revisions related to important intellectual content and approving final version of article to be published; Holt A contributed to conception.
ISSN:	1007-9327 2219-2840
DOI:	10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2916