Skin contamination by radiopharmaceuticals and decontamination strategies

• Published in: International journal of pharmaceutics Vol. 402; no. 1; pp. 44 - 49
• Main Authors: Bolzinger, M.A., Bolot, C., Galy, G., Chabanel, A., Pelletier, J., Briançon, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 15-12-2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Chemical and Process Engineering; Decontamination - methods; Detergents - pharmacology; Engineering Sciences; Female; Franz cells; General pharmacology; Hofmeister series; In Vitro Techniques; Life Sciences; Male; Medical sciences; Percutaneous absorption; Permeability; Pharmaceutical sciences; Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacokinetics; Skin - metabolism; Skin Absorption; Skin decontamination; Swine; Time Factors; Franz cells; Percutaneous absorption; Radiopharmaceuticals; Hofmeister series; Skin decontamination; Pharmaceutical technology; In vitro; Contamination; Percutaneous route; Absorption; Decontamination; Skin; Pharmacokinetics; Radioisotopic product; ACL
• ISSN: 0378-5173; 1873-3476
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.027

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of five common radiopharmaceuticals (
99mTc,
67Ga,
125I,
111In and
51Cr) and to evaluate the effect of decontamination by a detergent solution dedicated to hospital institutions for that purpose. The skin kinetic profiles were established by using the
in vitro Franz cell method over 24
h. The skin distribution in each skin layer was quantified after 6
h exposure time and the efficacy of the detergent solution to remove radionuclides was evaluated also after 6
h. The most striking result was the repartition into two classes of kinetic profiles:
125I and
99mTc permeated quickly (∼60% of applied activity after 24
h) while the 3 other radionuclides permeated slowly (from ∼2.75% for
67Ga to ∼10% of applied activity for
111In). The lag times, i.e. the time necessary to cross the skin varied from 20
min for
99mTc to 5
h for
51Cr, which accumulated in skin compartments. Skin washings with the detergent solution were particularly efficient for this radionuclide, contrary to the others for which the washing procedure should be applied earlier. The permeation of ions was dependent on their chemical and physical forms and on their salting-in or salting-out effects (coordination state and Hofmeister series).