Mechanical Stimulation Alters Chronic Ethanol-Induced Changes to VTA GABA Neurons, NAc DA Release and Measures of Withdrawal

Therapeutic activation of mechanoreceptors (MStim) in osteopathy, chiropractic and acupuncture has been in use for hundreds of years with a myriad of positive outcomes. It has been previously shown to modulate the firing rate of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine (DA) release i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 20; p. 12630
Main Authors:	Bills, Kyle B., Otteson, Dallin Z., Jones, Gavin C., Brundage, James N., Baldwin, Emily K., Small, Christina A., Kim, Hee Young, Yorgason, Jordan T., Blotter, Jonathan D., Steffensen, Scott C.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 20-10-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Adaptation alcohol Behavior Cocaine Desensitization (Psychology) Dopamine Drug dosages Drug withdrawal Emotional behavior Ethanol Firing rate Gait Mechanical stimuli Mechanoreceptors Narcotics Neurons Nucleus accumbens physical medicine Reinstatement Stiffness Ventral tegmentum γ-Aminobutyric acid
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