Penetration and decontamination of americium-241 ex vivo using fresh and frozen pig skin

• Published in: Chemico-biological interactions Vol. 267; pp. 40 - 47
• Main Authors: Tazrart, A., Bolzinger, M.A., Moureau, A., Molina, T., Coudert, S., Angulo, J.F., Briancon, S., Griffiths, N.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-04-2017; Elsevier [1969-....]
• Subjects: Actinides; Aluminum Compounds - chemistry; Americium - chemistry; Americium - toxicity; Animals; Autoradiography; CBRN; Chemical and Process Engineering; Decontamination; Engineering Sciences; Freezing; Galenic pharmacology; Life Sciences; Magnesium Compounds - chemistry; Pentetic Acid - chemistry; Percutaneous penetration; Pharmaceutical sciences; Pig skin; Radiological contamination; Silicates - chemistry; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Skin - pathology; Swine; Percutaneous penetration; Actinides; Decontamination; CBRN; Radiological contamination; Pig skin
• ISSN: 0009-2797; 1872-7786
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.027

Skin contamination is one of the most probable risks following major nuclear or radiological incidents. However, accidents involving skin contamination with radionuclides may occur in the nuclear industry, in research laboratories and in nuclear medicine departments. This work aims to measure the penetration of the radiological contaminant Americium (241Am) in fresh and frozen skin and to evaluate the distribution of the contamination in the skin. Decontamination tests were performed using water, Fuller’s earth and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), which is the recommended treatment in case of skin contamination with actinides such as plutonium or americium. To assess these parameters, we used the Franz cell diffusion system with full-thickness skin obtained from pigs’ ears, representative of human skin. Solutions of 241Am were deposited on the skin samples. The radioactivity content in each compartment and skin layers was measured after 24 h by liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrophotometry. The Am cutaneous penetration to the receiver compartment is almost negligible in fresh and frozen skin. Multiple washings with water and DTPA recovered about 90% of the initial activity. The rest remains fixed mainly in the stratum corneum. Traces of activity were detected within the epidermis and dermis which is fixed and not accessible to the decontamination.
•Intact skin is a good natural barrier against americium contamination.•DTPA is more efficient than water to decontaminate after a 24 H contamination.•Fresh and frozen skin show different activity in the receiver compartment.•Americium is mainly fixed to the stratum corneum.