Effects of biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties after sugarcane harvesting

• Published in: Environmental research Vol. 111; no. 5; pp. 664 - 669
• Main Authors: Goto, Danielle Miyuki, Lança, Marina, Obuti, Camila Akemi, Galvão Barbosa, Cristiane Maria, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilário, Trevisan Zanetta, Dirce Maria, Lorenzi-Filho, Geraldo, de Paula Santos, Ubiratan, Nakagawa, Naomi Kondo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01-07-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Agriculture - methods; Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity; Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Biomass burning; Burns; Clearances; Contact angle; Farms; Harvesting; Humans; Incineration; Male; Mathematical models; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mucociliary Clearance - drug effects; Mucociliary transport; Mucus; Mucus - metabolism; Multivariate Analysis; Nasal Mucosa - drug effects; Nasal Mucosa - physiology; Occupational activity; Occupational Exposure - analysis; Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data; Saccharine; Saccharum - chemistry; Smoking; Sneezing - physiology; Sugarcane; Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; Transit; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Young Adult; South America; Brazil; America; Biomass burning; Saccharine; Sugarcane; PM; Mucociliary transport; Smoking; Occupational activity; COPD; Harvesting; Biofuel; Mucus; Biomass; Clearance; Occupational exposure; Burning; Nose; Professional activity; Farmer; Occupational medicine
• ISSN: 0013-9351; 1096-0953
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.03.006

Biofuel from sugarcane is widely produced in developing countries and is a clean and renewable alternative source of energy. However, sugarcane harvesting is mostly performed after biomass burning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of harvesting after biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and the nasal mucus properties of farm workers.
Twenty seven sugarcane workers (21–45 years old) were evaluated at the end of two successive time-periods: first at the end of a 6-month harvesting period (harvesting), and then at the end of a 3-month period without harvesting (non-harvesting). Nasal mucociliary clearance was evaluated by the saccharine transit test, and mucus properties were analyzed using
in vitro mucus contact angle and mucus transportability by sneeze. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, body temperature, associated illness, and exhaled carbon monoxide were registered.
Data are presented as mean values (95% confidence interval). The multivariate model analysis adjusted for age, body-mass index, smoking status and years of working with this agricultural practice showed that harvesting yielded prolonged saccharine transit test in 7.83
min (1.88–13.78), increased mucus contact angle in 8.68 degrees (3.18–14.17) and decreased transportability by sneeze in 32.12
mm (−44.83 to −19.42) compared with the non-harvesting period. No significant differences were detected in any of the clinical parameter at either time-period.
Sugarcane harvesting after biomass burning negatively affects the first barrier of the respiratory system in farm workers by impairing nasal mucociliary clearance and inducing abnormal mucus properties.
► Assessment of farm workers enrolled in sugarcane culture for ethanol production. ► We examine changes in primary airway defense mechanisms in young adult workers. ► Sugarcane harvesting after biomass burning impairs mucociliary clearance.► These detrimental effects are partially reversible in young adult workers.► However, these farm workers may be susceptible to chronic respiratory dysfunctions.