Bereavement, Memorial Attendance, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Results from the Nurses’ Health Study
•What is the primary question addressed by this study?Was bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with elevated psychological distress among aging women, and did memorial attendance buffer these effects?•What is the main finding of this study?Bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic was...
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| Published in: | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry Vol. 31; no. 12; pp. 1045 - 1057 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01-12-2023
Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry |
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| Abstract | •What is the primary question addressed by this study?Was bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with elevated psychological distress among aging women, and did memorial attendance buffer these effects?•What is the main finding of this study?Bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with elevated psychological distress up to 1 year later, taking into account prepandemic depression levels. Attending a memorial, especially in person, was associated with lower distress compared to bereaved individuals who did not attend a memorial.•What is the meaning of the finding?Bereavement is associated with elevated psychological distress, and attending memorials may have a protective effect.
Mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is unknown if this contributed to worsening mental health.
Examine the association of bereavement in the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic with subsequent psychological distress and the role of memorial attendance in reducing psychological distress among the bereaved.
In May 2020, 39,564 older females from the Nurses’ Health Study II enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 substudy (meanage = 65.2 years, SD = 4.5).
Linear regression analyses estimated associations of bereavement reported between March and October, 2020 with subsequent psychological distress between January and October 2021, adjusting for sociodemographic and prepandemic depression symptoms. Secondary models examined associations between memorial attendance and psychological distress.
Bereavement during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher psychological distress (adjusted β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26) assessed over the next year. Among the bereaved, memorial attendance was associated with lower psychological distress (in-person: adjusted β = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.53, −0.29; online: adjusted β = −0.24, 95% CI: −0.46, -−0.02).
Attending memorials was associated with lower subsequent psychological distress among bereaved older females. |
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| AbstractList | Mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is unknown if this contributed to worsening mental health.
Examine the association of bereavement in the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic with subsequent psychological distress and the role of memorial attendance in reducing psychological distress among the bereaved.
In May 2020, 39,564 older females from the Nurses' Health Study II enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 substudy (mean
= 65.2 years, SD = 4.5).
Linear regression analyses estimated associations of bereavement reported between March and October, 2020 with subsequent psychological distress between January and October 2021, adjusting for sociodemographic and prepandemic depression symptoms. Secondary models examined associations between memorial attendance and psychological distress.
Bereavement during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher psychological distress (adjusted β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26) assessed over the next year. Among the bereaved, memorial attendance was associated with lower psychological distress (in-person: adjusted β = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.53, -0.29; online: adjusted β = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.46, --0.02).
Attending memorials was associated with lower subsequent psychological distress among bereaved older females. BACKGROUNDMortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is unknown if this contributed to worsening mental health.OBJECTIVEExamine the association of bereavement in the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic with subsequent psychological distress and the role of memorial attendance in reducing psychological distress among the bereaved.DESIGN, SETTINGS, SUBJECTSIn May 2020, 39,564 older females from the Nurses' Health Study II enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 substudy (meanage = 65.2 years, SD = 4.5).METHODSLinear regression analyses estimated associations of bereavement reported between March and October, 2020 with subsequent psychological distress between January and October 2021, adjusting for sociodemographic and prepandemic depression symptoms. Secondary models examined associations between memorial attendance and psychological distress.RESULTSBereavement during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher psychological distress (adjusted β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26) assessed over the next year. Among the bereaved, memorial attendance was associated with lower psychological distress (in-person: adjusted β = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.53, -0.29; online: adjusted β = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.46, --0.02).CONCLUSIONAttending memorials was associated with lower subsequent psychological distress among bereaved older females. •What is the primary question addressed by this study?Was bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with elevated psychological distress among aging women, and did memorial attendance buffer these effects?•What is the main finding of this study?Bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with elevated psychological distress up to 1 year later, taking into account prepandemic depression levels. Attending a memorial, especially in person, was associated with lower distress compared to bereaved individuals who did not attend a memorial.•What is the meaning of the finding?Bereavement is associated with elevated psychological distress, and attending memorials may have a protective effect. Mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is unknown if this contributed to worsening mental health. Examine the association of bereavement in the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic with subsequent psychological distress and the role of memorial attendance in reducing psychological distress among the bereaved. In May 2020, 39,564 older females from the Nurses’ Health Study II enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 substudy (meanage = 65.2 years, SD = 4.5). Linear regression analyses estimated associations of bereavement reported between March and October, 2020 with subsequent psychological distress between January and October 2021, adjusting for sociodemographic and prepandemic depression symptoms. Secondary models examined associations between memorial attendance and psychological distress. Bereavement during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher psychological distress (adjusted β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26) assessed over the next year. Among the bereaved, memorial attendance was associated with lower psychological distress (in-person: adjusted β = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.53, −0.29; online: adjusted β = −0.24, 95% CI: −0.46, -−0.02). Attending memorials was associated with lower subsequent psychological distress among bereaved older females. |
| Author | Ho, Samuel Jha, Shaili C. Cowden, Richard G. Hahn, Jill Kang, Jae H. Gao, Katie Espinosa Dice, Ana Lucia Shear, M. Katherine Denckla, Christy A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christy A. surname: Denckla fullname: Denckla, Christy A. email: cdenckla@hsph.harvard.edu organization: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (CAD, JH), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA – sequence: 2 givenname: Jill surname: Hahn fullname: Hahn, Jill organization: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (CAD, JH), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA – sequence: 3 givenname: Richard G. surname: Cowden fullname: Cowden, Richard G. organization: Human Flourishing Program (RGC, SH), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA – sequence: 4 givenname: Samuel surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Samuel organization: Human Flourishing Program (RGC, SH), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA – sequence: 5 givenname: Katie surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Katie organization: Department of Neuroscience, Harvard University (KG), Cambridge, MA – sequence: 6 givenname: Ana Lucia surname: Espinosa Dice fullname: Espinosa Dice, Ana Lucia organization: Department of Epidemiology (ALED, SCJ), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA – sequence: 7 givenname: Shaili C. surname: Jha fullname: Jha, Shaili C. organization: Department of Epidemiology (ALED, SCJ), Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA – sequence: 8 givenname: Jae H. surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Jae H. organization: Channing Division of Network Medicine (JHK), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA – sequence: 9 givenname: M. Katherine surname: Shear fullname: Shear, M. Katherine organization: Center for Prolonged Grief, Columbia University School of Social Work (MKS), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37460375$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jagp_2023_10_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jagp_2023_07_014 |
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| Copyright | 2023 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Copyright © 2023 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 2023 |
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| Issue | 12 |
| Keywords | anxiety Bereavement Nurses Health Study depression memorials |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | •What is the primary question addressed by this study?Was bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with elevated psychological distress among aging... Mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is unknown if this... BACKGROUNDMortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many bereaved individuals were not able to gather to memorialize their loved ones, yet it is... |
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| SubjectTerms | anxiety Bereavement depression memorials Nurses Health Study Regular |
| Title | Bereavement, Memorial Attendance, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Results from the Nurses’ Health Study |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2023.06.012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37460375 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2839250218 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10299945 |
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