Nitrogen uptake and the importance of internal nitrogen loading in Lake Balaton
The large shallow Lake Balaton, Hungary, became eutrophic in the 1970s because of increased nutrient loads. Eutrophication control measures have since reduced phosphorus loads and algal biomass in the lake has decreased, but a dominance of cyanobacteria in summer phytoplankton is a concern. The stud...
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| Published in: | Freshwater biology Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 125 - 139 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Blackwell Science
2001
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| Abstract | The large shallow Lake Balaton, Hungary, became eutrophic in the 1970s because of increased nutrient loads. Eutrophication control measures have since reduced phosphorus loads and algal biomass in the lake has decreased, but a dominance of cyanobacteria in summer phytoplankton is a concern. The study investigated the importance of various nitrogen sources to phytoplankton in the lake's mesotrophic eastern and eutrophic western basins at different seasons. Ammonium, urea, and nitrate contributed 11 80%, 17 73%, and 1 15%, respectively, of the phytoplankton's daily N supply. N sub(2) fixation provided 5 30% of the daily N supply in the eutrophic basin, but was negligible in the mesotrophic basin. Annual riverine inputs supplied only 10% of the N assimilated by phytoplankton. The main process supplying N to phytoplankton in summer is very fast recycling of ammonium and urea in the water column. |
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| AbstractList | The large shallow Lake Balaton, Hungary, became eutrophic in the 1970s because of increased nutrient loads. Eutrophication control measures have since reduced phosphorus loads and algal biomass in the lake has decreased, but a dominance of cyanobacteria in summer phytoplankton is a concern. The study investigated the importance of various nitrogen sources to phytoplankton in the lake's mesotrophic eastern and eutrophic western basins at different seasons. Ammonium, urea, and nitrate contributed 11 80%, 17 73%, and 1 15%, respectively, of the phytoplankton's daily N supply. N sub(2) fixation provided 5 30% of the daily N supply in the eutrophic basin, but was negligible in the mesotrophic basin. Annual riverine inputs supplied only 10% of the N assimilated by phytoplankton. The main process supplying N to phytoplankton in summer is very fast recycling of ammonium and urea in the water column. The importance of various forms of nitrogen to the nitrogen supply of phytoplankton has been investigated in the mesotrophic eastern and eutrophic western basin of Lake Balaton. Uptake rates of ammonium, urea, nitrate and carbon were measured simultaneously. The uptake rates were determined using N and C methodologies, and N2-fixation was measured using the acetylene-reduction method. The light dependence of uptake was described with an exponential saturation equation and used to calculate surface-related (areal) daily uptake. The contribution of ammonium, urea and nitrate to the daily nitrogen supply of phytoplankton varied between 11 and 80%, 17 and 73% and 1 and 15%, respectively. N2-fixation was negligible in the eastern basin and varied between 5 and 30% in the western region of the lake. The annual external nitrogen load was only 10% of that utilized by algae. The predominant process supplying nitrogen to the phytoplankton in the lake is the rapid recycling of ammonium and urea in the water column. The importance of the internal nutrient loading is emphasized. The importance of various forms of nitrogen to the nitrogen supply of phytoplankton has been investigated in the mesotrophic eastern and eutrophic western basin of Lake Balaton. Uptake rates of ammonium, urea, nitrate and carbon were measured simultaneously. The uptake rates were determined using super(15)N and super(14)N methodologies, and N sub(2)-fixation was measured using the acetylene-reduction method. The light dependence of uptake was described with an exponential saturation equation and used to calculate surface-related (areal) daily uptake. The contribution of ammonium, urea and nitrate to the daily nitrogen supply of phytoplankton varied between 11 and 80%, 17 and 73% and 1 and 15%, respectively. N sub(2)-fixation was negligible in the eastern basin and varied between 5 and 30% in the western region of the lake. The annual external nitrogen load was only 10% of that utilized by algae. The predominant process supplying nitrogen to the phytoplankton in the lake is the rapid recycling of ammonium and urea in the water column. The importance of the internal nutrient loading is emphasized. |
| Author | PRESTON, T. O. M PRESING, Matyas HERODEK, Sandor VÖRÖS, Lajos |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Matyas surname: PRESING fullname: PRESING, Matyas organization: Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 8237 Tihany, Hungary – sequence: 2 givenname: Sandor surname: HERODEK fullname: HERODEK, Sandor organization: Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 8237 Tihany, Hungary – sequence: 3 givenname: T. O. M surname: PRESTON fullname: PRESTON, T. O. M organization: Tlsotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QF, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Lajos surname: VÖRÖS fullname: VÖRÖS, Lajos organization: Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 8237 Tihany, Hungary |
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| Keywords | Ammonium Plant community Environmental factor Trophic status Nitrates Biomass Spatial variation Uptake Freshwater environment Urea Nitrogen cycle Seasonal variation Nitrogen fixation Lakes Phytoplankton Remineralization |
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| References | Presing M. (b29_494) 1999; 145 Tatrai I. (b33_498) 1981; 70 Vollenweider R.A. (b34_499) 1969 Dugdale R.C. (b7_472) 1986; 31 b21_486 Harrison P.J. (b11_476) 1989; 52 Voros L. (b37_502) 1996; 339 Istvanovics V. (b13_478) 1995; 40 Bi' ro P. (b2_467) 1997; 6 Herodek S. (b12_477) 1986 Webb W.L. (b38_503) 1974; 17 Dodds W.K. (b6_471) 1991; 13 Andersen J.M. (b1_466) 1974; 74 Voros L. (b35_500) 1993; 25 Mitamura O. (b23_488) 1995; 134 Nemeth J. (b24_489) 1986 Iwamura T. (b14_479) 1970; 55 Lovell T. (b20_485) 1989 b15_480 b26_491 b30_495 Lean D.R.S. (b17_482) 1981; 26 Voros L. (b36_501) 1998; 78 Mitamura O. (b22_487) 1986; 107 Flett R.J. (b9_474) 1976; 22 Wetzel R.A. (b39_504) 1990 b5_470 Newell B.S. (b25_490) 1967; 25 Presing M. (b28_493) 1998; 83 Lomas M.W. (b19_484) 1996; 32 Somlyody L. (b31_496) 1986 Glibert P.M. (b10_475) 1991; 36 Takamura N. (b32_497) 1987; 9 Wheeler P.A. (b40_505) 1982; 27 Collos Y. (b4_469) 1983; 5 Elliott R.J. (b8_473) 1971; 96 Kanda J. (b16_481) 1987; 9 Lean D.R.S. (b18_483) 1982; 18 b3_468 Presing M. (b27_492) 1996; 136 |
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| Title | Nitrogen uptake and the importance of internal nitrogen loading in Lake Balaton |
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