SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with hepatitis in an infant with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene resulting in deficiencies of T and natural killer cells, coupled with severe dysfunction in B cells. X-SCID is lethal without allogeneic stem cell tr...

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Published in:Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 224; p. 108662
Main Authors: van Oers, Nicolai S.C., Hanners, Natasha W., Sue, Paul K., Aquino, Victor, Li, Quan-Zhen, Schoggins, John W., Wysocki, Christian A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-03-2021
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Abstract X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene resulting in deficiencies of T and natural killer cells, coupled with severe dysfunction in B cells. X-SCID is lethal without allogeneic stem cell transplant or gene therapy due to opportunistic infections. An infant with X-SCID became infected with SARS-CoV-2 while awaiting transplant. The patient developed severe hepatitis without the respiratory symptoms typical of COVID-19. He was treated with convalescent plasma, and thereafter was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, as detected with a microfluidic antigen array. After resolution of the hepatitis, he received a haploidentical CD34 selected stem cell transplant, without conditioning, from his father who had recovered from COVID-19. SARS CoV-2 was detected via RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs until 61 days post transplantation. He successfully engrafted donor T and NK cells, and continues to do well clinically. •The presence of uncorrected X-linked SCID in an infant who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 lead to a mild COVID-19 disease course.•COVID-19 disease in this X-SCID infant was characterized by hepatitis, and prolonged viral shedding.•The prolonged period of viral shedding continued post-transplant, with viral clearance correlating with donor T and NK cell engraftment.
AbstractList X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene resulting in deficiencies of T and natural killer cells, coupled with severe dysfunction in B cells. X-SCID is lethal without allogeneic stem cell transplant or gene therapy due to opportunistic infections. An infant with X-SCID became infected with SARS-CoV-2 while awaiting transplant. The patient developed severe hepatitis without the respiratory symptoms typical of COVID-19. He was treated with convalescent plasma, and thereafter was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, as detected with a microfluidic antigen array. After resolution of the hepatitis, he received a haploidentical CD34 selected stem cell transplant, without conditioning, from his father who had recovered from COVID-19. SARS CoV-2 was detected via RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs until 61 days post transplantation. He successfully engrafted donor T and NK cells, and continues to do well clinically.
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene resulting in deficiencies of T and natural killer cells, coupled with severe dysfunction in B cells. X-SCID is lethal without allogeneic stem cell transplant or gene therapy due to opportunistic infections. An infant with X-SCID became infected with SARS-CoV-2 while awaiting transplant. The patient developed severe hepatitis without the respiratory symptoms typical of COVID-19. He was treated with convalescent plasma, and thereafter was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, as detected with a microfluidic antigen array. After resolution of the hepatitis, he received a haploidentical CD34 selected stem cell transplant, without conditioning, from his father who had recovered from COVID-19. SARS CoV-2 was detected via RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs until 61 days post transplantation. He successfully engrafted donor T and NK cells, and continues to do well clinically.
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene resulting in deficiencies of T and natural killer cells, coupled with severe dysfunction in B cells. X-SCID is lethal without allogeneic stem cell transplant or gene therapy due to opportunistic infections. An infant with X-SCID became infected with SARS-CoV-2 while awaiting transplant. The patient developed severe hepatitis without the respiratory symptoms typical of COVID-19. He was treated with convalescent plasma, and thereafter was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, as detected with a microfluidic antigen array. After resolution of the hepatitis, he received a haploidentical CD34 selected stem cell transplant, without conditioning, from his father who had recovered from COVID-19. SARS CoV-2 was detected via RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs until 61 days post transplantation. He successfully engrafted donor T and NK cells, and continues to do well clinically. •The presence of uncorrected X-linked SCID in an infant who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 lead to a mild COVID-19 disease course.•COVID-19 disease in this X-SCID infant was characterized by hepatitis, and prolonged viral shedding.•The prolonged period of viral shedding continued post-transplant, with viral clearance correlating with donor T and NK cell engraftment.
ArticleNumber 108662
Author Aquino, Victor
Schoggins, John W.
Wysocki, Christian A.
Li, Quan-Zhen
van Oers, Nicolai S.C.
Hanners, Natasha W.
Sue, Paul K.
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  givenname: Natasha W.
  surname: Hanners
  fullname: Hanners, Natasha W.
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  givenname: Paul K.
  surname: Sue
  fullname: Sue, Paul K.
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  givenname: Victor
  surname: Aquino
  fullname: Aquino, Victor
  organization: Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America
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  givenname: Christian A.
  surname: Wysocki
  fullname: Wysocki, Christian A.
  email: Christian.Wysocki@UTSouthwestern.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9093, United States of America
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Keywords COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Adaptive immunity
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Inborn errors of immunity
Language English
License Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Snippet X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a disorder of adaptive immunity caused by mutations in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain gene...
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StartPage 108662
SubjectTerms Adaptive immunity
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - therapy
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Hepatitis - virology
Humans
Immunization, Passive - methods
Inborn errors of immunity
Infant
Male
SARS-CoV-2
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - complications
Title SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with hepatitis in an infant with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108662
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33412294
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2476567273
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7834850
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