Microwave emission and scattering of foam based on Monte Carlo simulations of dense media

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 41; no. 4; pp. 782 - 790
• Main Authors: Dong Chen, Leung Tsang, Lin Zhou, Reising, S.C., Asher, W.E., Rose, L.A., Kung-Hau Ding, Chi-Te Chen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01-04-2003; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Applied geophysics; Computer simulation; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Electromagnetic wave absorption; Emissivity; Exact sciences and technology; Extinction coefficients; Foams; Internal geophysics; Mathematical models; Maxwell equations; Maxwell's equations; Microwave theory and techniques; Monte Carlo methods; Oceans; Polarization; Scattering; Sea measurements; Sea surface; Sea water; Surface treatment; sea water; microwaves; wave scattering; absorption; Monte Carlo analysis; mathematical models; digital simulation; Dense-media radiative transfer; electromagnetic wave scattering; microwave emissivity; electromagnetic waves; extinction; Monte Carlo simulations; geometry; polarization; ocean foam; theory
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2003.810711

The foam-covered ocean surface is treated as densely packed air bubbles coated with thin layers of seawater. We apply Monte Carlo simulations of solutions of Maxwell's equations to calculate the absorption, scattering, and extinction coefficients at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. These quantities are then used in dense-media radiative transfer theory to calculate the microwave emissivity. Numerical results of the model are illustrated as a function of foam parameters. Results of emissivities for both horizontal polarization and vertical polarizations at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz are compared with experimental measurements.