Use of a saliva‐based diagnostic test to identify tapeworm infection in horses in the UK

• Published in: Equine veterinary journal Vol. 50; no. 2; pp. 213 - 219
• Main Authors: Lightbody, K. L., Matthews, J. B., Kemp‐Symonds, J. G., Lambert, P. A., Austin, C. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2018
• Subjects: Aging; Animals; Anoplocephala; Anthelmintics - administration & dosage; Anthelmintics - therapeutic use; Antibodies, Helminth - chemistry; Cestode Infections - diagnosis; Cestode Infections - drug therapy; Cestode Infections - epidemiology; Cestode Infections - veterinary; cestodes; Diagnostic tests; Diagnostic Tests, Routine - veterinary; EquiSal; horse; Horse Diseases - diagnosis; Horse Diseases - drug therapy; Horse Diseases - epidemiology; Horse Diseases - parasitology; Horses; Infections; Praziquantel - administration & dosage; Praziquantel - therapeutic use; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Saliva; Saliva - chemistry; Seasons; Sensitivity and Specificity; Shedding; targeted selective treatment; Time Factors; United Kingdom - epidemiology; Worms; United Kingdom > UK; horse; Anoplocephala; cestodes; EquiSal; targeted selective treatment
• ISSN: 0425-1644; 2042-3306
• DOI: 10.1111/evj.12742

Summary
Background
Anthelmintic resistance combined with limited chemotherapeutic options has prompted a change in approaches to control of equine helminth infections. Targeted selective treatment strategies use diagnostics to reduce anthelmintic use by treating individuals with worm burdens or egg shedding levels above a set threshold. While faecal egg count analysis has limitations for informing tapeworm treatment, a commercially available saliva‐based diagnostic test accurately diagnoses horses with tapeworm infection.
Objectives
Evaluation of a saliva‐based diagnostic test to identify horses naturally infected with tapeworm and assess the impact of using the test to inform anthelmintic administration.
Study design
Retrospective longitudinal study.
Methods
Saliva was collected from horses (n = 237) at a UK welfare charity from autumn 2015 to autumn 2016. Horses diagnosed as positive for tapeworm infection using the EquiSal® Tapeworm test were anthelmintic treated according to weight. The number of horses that received anthelmintic treatment based on the test result was compared with an all‐group treatment approach and the reduction in anthelmintic usage calculated. Incoming horses were also tested (n = 143) and the information was used to inform quarantine treatments.
Results
In autumn 2015, 85% of 237 horses tested received no anthelmintic and the majority (71%) of these remained below the treatment threshold throughout the study. Of the 69 horses that received treatment, seven required treatment following three subsequent tests, while >50% of horses administered with anthelmintic fell below the treatment threshold at the following test. No increase in tapeworm prevalence within the 237 horses was observed during the study despite a substantial reduction in the application of antitapeworm treatments. A total of 41% of incoming horses required anticestode treatment.
Main limitations
Other management practices were not included in the analysis.
Conclusions
Compared with an all‐group treatment strategy, the diagnostic‐led approach used here considerably reduced application of anticestode anthelmintics. This could reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance.