Softness, strength and self-repair in intermediate filament networks

One cellular function of intermediate filaments is to provide cells with compliance to small deformations while strengthening them when large stresses are applied. How IFs accomplish this mechanical role is revealed by recent studies of the elastic properties of single IF protein polymers and by vis...

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Published in:	Experimental cell research Vol. 313; no. 10; pp. 2228 - 2235
Main Authors:	Wagner, Oliver I., Rammensee, Sebastian, Korde, Neha, Wen, Qi, Leterrier, Jean-Francois, Janmey, Paul A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 10-06-2007 Elsevier BV
Subjects:	Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Cellular biology Elasticity Gels - chemistry Humans Intermediate Filament Proteins - chemistry Intermediate Filament Proteins - physiology Intermediate Filaments - chemistry Intermediate Filaments - physiology Molecular biology Network Neurofilament Polyelectrolyte Protein Binding - physiology Proteins Stress, Mechanical Tensile Strength - physiology Viscoelasticity Viscosity Viscoelasticity Polyelectrolyte NFH Neurofilament NFM Network AFM NF Elasticity IF
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Abstract	One cellular function of intermediate filaments is to provide cells with compliance to small deformations while strengthening them when large stresses are applied. How IFs accomplish this mechanical role is revealed by recent studies of the elastic properties of single IF protein polymers and by viscoelastic characterization of the networks they form. IFs are unique among cytoskeletal filaments in withstanding large deformations. Single filaments can stretch to more than 3 times their initial length before breaking, and gels of IF withstand strains greater than 100% without damage. Even after mechanical disruption of gels formed by crossbridged neurofilaments, the elastic modulus of these gels rapidly recovers under conditions where gels formed by actin filaments are irreversibly ruptured. The polyelectrolyte properties of IFs may enable crossbridging by multivalent counterions, but identifying the mechanisms by which IFs link into bundles and networks in vivo remains a challenge.
AbstractList	One cellular function of intermediate filaments is to provide cells with compliance to small deformations while strengthening them when large stresses are applied. How IFs accomplish this mechanical role is revealed by recent studies of the elastic properties of single IF protein polymers and by viscoelastic characterization of the networks they form. IFs are unique among cytoskeletal filaments in withstanding large deformations. Single filaments can stretch to more than 3 times their initial length before breaking, and gels of IF withstand strains greater than 100% without damage. Even after mechanical disruption of gels formed by crossbridged neurofilaments, the elastic modulus of these gels rapidly recovers under conditions where gels formed by actin filaments are irreversibly ruptured. The polyelectrolyte properties of IFs may enable crossbridging by multivalent counterions, but identifying the mechanisms by which IFs link into bundles and networks in vivo remains a challenge. One cellular function of intermediate filaments is to provide cells with compliance to small deformations while strengthening them when large stresses are applied. How IFs accomplish this mechanical role is revealed by recent studies of the elastic properties of single IF protein polymers and by viscoelastic characterization of the networks they form. IFs are unique among cytoskeletal filaments in withstanding large deformations. Single filaments can stretch to more than 3 times their initial length before breaking, and gels of IF withstand strains greater than 100% without damage. Even after mechanical disruption of gels formed by crossbridged neurofilaments, the elastic modulus of these gels rapidly recovers under conditions where gels formed by actin filaments are irreversibly ruptured. The polyelectrolyte properties of IFs may enable crossbridging by multivalent counterions, but identifying the mechanisms by which IFs link into bundles and networks in vivo remains a challenge. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Korde, Neha Wagner, Oliver I. Leterrier, Jean-Francois Janmey, Paul A. Wen, Qi Rammensee, Sebastian
AuthorAffiliation	2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (R.O.C.) 3 Technische Universität, München, Physik-Department E22 Biophysik James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 4 UMR CNRS 6558, University of Poitiers, France
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA – name: 2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (R.O.C.) – name: 4 UMR CNRS 6558, University of Poitiers, France – name: 3 Technische Universität, München, Physik-Department E22 Biophysik James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Oliver I. surname: Wagner fullname: Wagner, Oliver I. organization: Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Sebastian surname: Rammensee fullname: Rammensee, Sebastian organization: Technische Universität, München, Physik-Department E22 Biophysik, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Neha surname: Korde fullname: Korde, Neha organization: Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Qi surname: Wen fullname: Wen, Qi organization: Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Jean-Francois surname: Leterrier fullname: Leterrier, Jean-Francois organization: UMR CNRS 6558, University of Poitiers, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Paul A. surname: Janmey fullname: Janmey, Paul A. email: janmey@mail.med.upenn.edu organization: Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17524395$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	One cellular function of intermediate filaments is to provide cells with compliance to small deformations while strengthening them when large stresses are...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Cellular biology Elasticity Gels - chemistry Humans Intermediate Filament Proteins - chemistry Intermediate Filament Proteins - physiology Intermediate Filaments - chemistry Intermediate Filaments - physiology Molecular biology Network Neurofilament Polyelectrolyte Protein Binding - physiology Proteins Stress, Mechanical Tensile Strength - physiology Viscoelasticity Viscosity
Title	Softness, strength and self-repair in intermediate filament networks
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