High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Low CCL5 Expression Levels in the Upper Respiratory Tract Are Associated With COVID-19 Severity
Abstract Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and expression of se...
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| Published in: | The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 225; no. 6; pp. 977 - 982 |
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| Abstract | Abstract
Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and expression of selected immune genes in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) of 255 SARS-CoV-2–infected patients and evaluated their association with severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasopharyngeal mucosa induces expression of several innate immune genes. High SARS-CoV-2 viral load and low CCL5 expression levels were associated with intensive care unit admission or death, although CCL5 was the best predictor of COVID-19 severity.
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| AbstractList | Abstract
Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and expression of selected immune genes in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) of 255 SARS-CoV-2–infected patients and evaluated their association with severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasopharyngeal mucosa induces expression of several innate immune genes. High SARS-CoV-2 viral load and low CCL5 expression levels were associated with intensive care unit admission or death, although CCL5 was the best predictor of COVID-19 severity.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and expression of selected immune genes in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) of 255 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and evaluated their association with severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasopharyngeal mucosa induces expression of several innate immune genes. High SARS-CoV-2 viral load and low CCL5 expression levels were associated with intensive care unit admission or death, although CCL5 was the best predictor of COVID-19 severity. Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and expression of selected immune genes in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) of 255 SARS-CoV-2–infected patients and evaluated their association with severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasopharyngeal mucosa induces expression of several innate immune genes. High SARS-CoV-2 viral load and low CCL5 expression levels were associated with intensive care unit admission or death, although CCL5 was the best predictor of COVID-19 severity. Graphical Abstract |
| Author | González Ventosa, Victoria Martin-Vicente, María Vidal-Alcántara, Erick Joan Pérez-García, Felipe Rojas-García, Rosa Lía Cuadros-González, Juan Resino, Salvador Martínez, Isidoro Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F Hervás Fernández, Irene Castilla-García, Lucía Muñoz-Gomez, María José |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain 2 Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias , Madrid , Spain 8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain 5 Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias , Madrid , Spain 4 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain 1 Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Majadahonda , Spain 7 Hospital Universitario Río Hortega , Valladolid , Spain 3 Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain – name: 5 Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias , Madrid , Spain – name: 7 Hospital Universitario Río Hortega , Valladolid , Spain – name: 1 Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Majadahonda , Spain – name: 8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain – name: 3 Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain – name: 2 Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias , Madrid , Spain – name: 6 Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 viral load death innate immunity CCL5 ICU nasopharynx gene expression |
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| Snippet | Abstract
Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory... Mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for initial control of viral replication, clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome... |
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| SubjectTerms | Body fluids Chemokine CCL5 - genetics Chemokine CCL5 - metabolism Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - diagnosis COVID-19 - mortality Humans Immune clearance Immune response Immune system Intensive Care Units Major and Brief Reports Mucosal immunity Nasopharynx Nasopharynx - virology Nose Pathophysiology Replication Respiratory tract RNA, Viral - genetics SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Viral Load |
| Title | High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Low CCL5 Expression Levels in the Upper Respiratory Tract Are Associated With COVID-19 Severity |
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