Proteinases and restenosis in the human coronary artery: extracellular matrix production exceeds the expression of proteolytic activity

• Published in: Atherosclerosis Vol. 116; no. 1; pp. 43 - 57
• Main Authors: Tyagi, Suresh C., Meyer, Larry, Schmaltz, Richard A., Reddy, Hanumanth K., Voelker, Donald J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01-07-1995; Elsevier
• Subjects: Angioplasty, Balloon; Arteriosclerosis - enzymology; Arteriosclerosis - surgery; Atherectomy; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiology. Vascular system; Collagen; Collagen - metabolism; Collagenase; Coloring Agents; Coronary Disease - enzymology; Coronary Disease - surgery; Coronary heart disease; Coronary Vessels - enzymology; Coronary Vessels - ultrastructure; Elastin; Elastin - metabolism; Extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix Proteins - metabolism; Glycoproteins - metabolism; Heart; Human vascular disease; Humans; Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis; Matrix metalloproteinase; Medical sciences; Metalloendopeptidases - metabolism; Models, Biological; Proteoglycans; Proteoglycans - metabolism; Recurrence; Restenosis; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; Wound Healing; Restenosis; Human vascular disease; Proteoglycans; Collagen; Elastin; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; Extracellular matrix; Collagenase; Matrix metalloproteinase; Human; Proteoglycan; Enzyme; Coronary artery; Stenosis; Cardiovascular disease; Exploration; Histology; Coronary heart disease; Arterial disease; Vascular disease; Hydrolases; Proteinases
• ISSN: 0021-9150; 1879-1484
• DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05520-7

To understand the balance of proteinase antiproteinase activity and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) at the site of arterial injury, we analyzed the composition of ECM and proteinase activity in normal internal mammary arteries, tissue samples obtained from atherosclerotic coronary lesions and restenotic lesions obtained during directional coronary atherectomy. Histologically and biochemically, collagen and proteoglycans increased, and elastin decreased in samples from restenotic lesions when compared to samples taken from patients undergoing their first revascularization (de novo). In contrast, cellularity was increased in samples obtained from de novo patients as compared to samples obtained from restenotic lesions. Intrinsic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was measured by using zymography and scanning all the lytic bands in zymographic gel. In these gels, identical amounts of total protein were loaded in each lane. MMP activity was determined as % of the total (latent and active) MMPs after trypsin activation (100%) in the normal artery. Intrinsic MMP activity was reduced to 6% ± 1% in atherosclerotic lesions and 1% ± 1% in restenotic lesions, when compared to activity found in normal (10% ± 3%) arteries. Based on solubilization of fluorescein-conjugated elastin by the extracts, the MMP-mediated elastinolytic activity was 0.2 ± 0.1, 8.8 ± 1.5, and 24.0 ± 3 nmol/min/mg in restenotic, native atherosclerotic and normal tissue, respectively. The results suggested that, in arterial tissue from patients with angiographic restenosis, there is an increased production of ECM collagen and a decrease in MMP activity compared to both normal artery and atherosclerotic samples from de novo patients undergoing an initial revascularization procedure of a significant coronary artery lesion.