The influence of topical use of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss on early operation for thoracolumbar burst fracture: a randomized double-blinded controlled study

• Published in: European spine journal Vol. 30; no. 10; pp. 3074 - 3080
• Main Authors: Shen, Jieliang, Yang, Zhengyang, Fu, Mengyu, Hao, Jie, Jiang, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-10-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antifibrinolytic agents; Blood transfusion; Blood transfusions; Decompression; Demography; Hemoglobin; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosurgery; Original; Original Article; Patients; Surgical Orthopedics; Wounds; Tranexamic acid; Early operation; Thoracolumbar burst fracture; Topical use; Blood loss
• ISSN: 0940-6719; 1432-0932
• DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06626-x

Purpose
To investigate the safety and efficacy of topical use of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early operation for thoracolumbar burst fracture (TBF).
Methods
Patients with acute TBF requiring early decompression were prospectively collected. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to TXA and control group, in which wound surface was soaked with TXA or the same volume of normal saline for 5 min after wound incision, respectively. The total blood loss (TBL), intraoperative blood loss (IBL), postoperative blood loss (PBL), hemoglobin (HGB) levels on preoperatively (pre-op) and postoperatively, and amount of allogenic blood transfusion were recorded. Furthermore, the general information was also compared between groups.
Results
There were 39 and 37 patients enrolled in TXA and control group for final analysis. The demographics data showed no significant difference between groups (
P
 > 0.05), but operation time and IBL were significantly decreased in TXA group (
P
 < 0.05). Further analysis showed that HGB level was significantly higher in the TXA group at POD1, while the TBL and PBL were significantly less than those in the control group (
P
 < 0.05), but similar to HBL (
P
 > 0.05). The postoperative ambulation time, removal time of drainage tube, length of hospital stay, and blood transfusion rate were also significantly less in TXA group (
P
 < 0.05). At the final follow-up, no neurological deteriorations and no TXA-related complications were observed in both groups.
Conclusion
This RCT first demonstrated that topical TXA usage after wound incision could effectively reduce IBL without increasing risk of complications, beneficial to enhanced recovery after early operation for TBF.