Gastrointestinal helminths in dog feces surrounding suburban areas of Lower Dir district, Pakistan: A public health threat

Abstract Data on environmental contamination of the parasites of zoonotic importance is scarce in Pakistan. Soil contamination with feces of dogs hide infective stages of the parasite represents a health-risk to humans. This study was aimed to assess the eggs of gastrointestinal parasites of stray d...

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Published in:Brazilian journal of biology Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 511 - 517
Main Authors: Khan, W., Nisa, N. N., Ullah, S., Ahmad, S., Mehmood, S. A., Khan, M., Ali, W., Ullah, Hamid, Anwar, Khurshaid
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: São Carlos Instituto Internacional de Ecologia 01-07-2020
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Summary:Abstract Data on environmental contamination of the parasites of zoonotic importance is scarce in Pakistan. Soil contamination with feces of dogs hide infective stages of the parasite represents a health-risk to humans. This study was aimed to assess the eggs of gastrointestinal parasites of stray dogs and household dogs in lower Dir district, Pakistan with special consideration to those that can be spread to humans. One hundred and fifty two stool specimens from (stray dogs=90 and household dogs=62) were collected. The helminth eggs were processed by direct smear method and centrifugation techniques and identified by microscopic examination. Of the total examined dogs 26.8% (n=41 /152) were found to be infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The intestinal helminths detected were Dipylidium caninum (n =18, 11.8%), followed by Toxocara canis (n =16, 10.5%), Taenia spp., (n=10, 6.57%) Ancylostoma caninum (n=6, 3.94), Toxascaris spp., Capillaria spp., and Trichuris vulpis (n=2, 1.31% each) in order of their prevalence. Pattern of infection revealed that 27 (65.8%) dogs have single, 13(31.7%) double and 1(2.43%) triple infection. The stray dogs were highly infected 34.4% (n=31) than house hold dogs 16.1% (n=10). The prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites was significantly different among these two groups (p = 0.0097). This study highlight a severe environmental contamination by frequent parasitic stages infectious to humans. There is a higher risk of zoonotic transmission from dogs which indicate an immediate need for the controlling of these parasites and educating the public to take wise action relating to the parasites and pets. Resumo Dados sobre a contaminação ambiental dos parasitas de importância zoonótica são escassos no Paquistão. A contaminação do solo com fezes de cães, as quais escondem as fases infecciosas do parasita, representa um risco à saúde dos seres humanos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os ovos de parasitas gastrointestinais de cães de rua e domésticos no distrito de Lower Dir, no Paquistão, com especial atenção para aqueles que podem ser transmitidos aos seres humanos. Foram recolhidos 152 espécimes de fezes de cães, dos quais 90 eram de rua e 62 eram domésticos. Os ovos de helmintos foram processados por método de esfregaço direto e técnicas de centrifugação e identificados por exame microscópico. Do total de cães examinados, verificou-se que 26,8% (n = 41/152) estavam infectados com um ou mais parasitas intestinais. Os helmintos intestinais detectados foram Dipylidium caninum (n = 18; 11,8%), seguido por Toxocara canis (n = 16; 10,5%), Taenia spp. (n = 10; 6,57%), Ancylostoma caninum (n = 6; 3,94%), Toxascaris spp., Capillaria spp. e Trichuris vulpis (n = 2; 1,31% cada) em ordem de prevalência. O padrão de infecção revelou que 27 (65,8%) cães tinham infecção simples, 13 (31,7%), duplas, e 1 (2,43%), tripla. Os cães de rua estavam altamente infectados (34,4%; n = 31) do que os cães domésticos (16,1%; n = 10). A prevalência de infecção por parasitas intestinais foi significativamente diferente entre esses dois grupos (p = 0,0097). Este estudo destaca uma grave contaminação ambiental por frequentes fases parasitárias infecciosas para humanos. Existe um risco maior de transmissão zoonótica de cães, o que indica uma necessidade imediata do controle desses parasitas, além de educar o público quanto à tomada de medidas relativas aos parasitas e aos animais de estimação.
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ISSN:1519-6984
1678-4375
1678-4375
DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.211956