Parkinson's disease in the nuclear age of neuroinflammation

• Published in: Trends in molecular medicine Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 187 - 196
• Main Authors: Nolan, Yvonne M, Sullivan, Aideen M, Toulouse, André
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2013
• Subjects: Animals; Brain - physiopathology; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; glucocorticoid receptor; Humans; inflammation; Inflammation - physiopathology; nuclear receptor; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 - genetics; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 - metabolism; Nurr1; Parkinson Disease - physiopathology; Parkinson's disease; Pathology; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - genetics; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - metabolism; PPAR; Receptors, Glucocorticoid - genetics; Receptors, Glucocorticoid - metabolism; Receptors, Retinoic Acid - genetics; Receptors, Retinoic Acid - metabolism; retinoic acid receptor; glucocorticoid receptor; Parkinson's disease; PPAR; inflammation; Nurr1; nuclear receptor; retinoic acid receptor
• ISSN: 1471-4914; 1471-499X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.003

Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, a movement disorder characterised by deterioration of the nigrostriatal system of the brain. Recent studies have yielded important insights into the regulation of inflammation by nuclear receptors, a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Certain nuclear receptors are also emerging as regulators of neurodegeneration, including the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, and the importance of transcriptional control in this process is becoming increasingly apparent. Here, we discuss the role of Nurr1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), retinoic acid receptors, and glucocorticoid receptors in neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. We examine current evidence providing insight into the potential of these important players as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease.