Phase III Study Comparing Oral Topotecan to Intravenous Docetaxel in Patients With Pretreated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

• Published in: Journal of clinical oncology Vol. 24; no. 18; pp. 2800 - 2807
• Main Authors: RAMLAU, Rodryg, GERVAIS, Radj, SHEPHERD, Frances A, KRZAKOWSKI, Maciej, VON PAWEL, Joachim, KAUKEL, Eckhard, ABRATT, Raymond P, DHARAN, Bernie, GROTZINGER, Kelly M, ROSS, Graham, DANE, Graham
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Baltimore, MD American Society of Clinical Oncology 20-06-2006; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - secondary; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - drug therapy; Pneumology; Survival Analysis; Taxoids - administration & dosage; Topotecan - administration & dosage; Tumors; Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum; Antineoplastic agent; Phase III trial; Human; Lung disease; Intravenous administration; Respiratory disease; Enzyme; Lung cancer; DNA topoisomerase; Docetaxel; Enzyme inhibitor; Topotecan; Malignant tumor; non-small cell lung carcinoma; Isomerases; Cancerology; Treatment; Taxane derivatives; Bronchus disease; Advanced stage; Antimitotic
• ISSN: 0732-183X; 1527-7755
• DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.6491

This open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase III study compared oral topotecan versus intravenous (IV) docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Patients with stage III or IV NSCLC, performance status < or = 2, who had received only one prior chemotherapy regimen, were randomly assigned to treatment with oral topotecan 2.3 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 5 or IV docetaxel 75 mg/m2 day 1 every 21 days.
A total of 829 patients were randomly assigned. In intent-to-treat analysis, 1-year survival rates were 25.1% with topotecan and 28.7% with docetaxel. The difference of -3.6% (95% CI, -9.59% to 2.48%) met the predefined criteria for noninferiority of topotecan relative to docetaxel because the lower limit of the 95% CI was above -10%. Median survival was 27.9 weeks with topotecan and 30.7 weeks with docetaxel. Although not statistically significant (log-rank P = .057), the higher survival rate with docetaxel was maintained across the entire treatment period. The median time to progression was 11.3 weeks with topotecan versus 13.1 weeks with docetaxel (log-rank P = .02). The overall response rate was 5% in each group. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred more frequently with docetaxel (60% v 50%). Grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred more frequently with topotecan (26% v 10% and 26% v 7%, respectively).
Oral topotecan provides activity in the treatment of relapsed, locally advanced, unresectable NSCLC. Both regimens were well tolerated with differing safety profiles. Topotecan may provide an option for patients who desire an orally available treatment after relapse.