War exposure, altruism and the recalibration of welfare tradeoffs towards threatening social categories
How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war's prosocial effects extend to outgroup members as well. To make sense of these disparate findings, we offer a theoretical framework that highlights the role of threat sensitivi...
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| Published in: | Journal of experimental social psychology Vol. 94; p. 104101 |
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01-05-2021
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| Abstract | How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war's prosocial effects extend to outgroup members as well. To make sense of these disparate findings, we offer a theoretical framework that highlights the role of threat sensitivity in altruism. Refugees from Syria and Iraq (N = 1521) completed a welfare tradeoff task and threat perceptions scale where the other's group identity, gender and age were experimentally varied. We found that individuals belonging to social categories associated with more threat (outgroup members, males, and younger individuals) were afforded less altruism compared to individuals belonging to non-threatening social categories (ingroup members, females and the elderly). War exposure enhanced bias against threatening social categories through increased threat-sensitivity. Our results have implications for understanding how warfare shapes altruism and welfare tradeoffs in light of cross-cutting social categories and for policies promoting post-conflict cooperation. |
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| AbstractList | How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war’s prosocial effects extend to outgroup members as well. To make sense of these disparate findings, we offer a theoretical framework that highlights the role of threat sensitivity in altruism. Refugees from Syria and Iraq (N = 1521) completed a welfare tradeoff task and threat perceptions scale where the other's group identity, gender and age were experimentally varied. We found that individuals belonging to social categories associated with more threat (outgroup members, males, and younger individuals) were afforded less altruism compared to individuals belonging to non-threatening social categories (ingroup members, females and the elderly). War exposure enhanced bias against threatening social categories through increased threat-sensitivity. Our results have implications for understanding how warfare shapes altruism and welfare tradeoffs in light of cross-cutting social categories and for policies promoting post-conflict cooperation. How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war's prosocial effects extend to outgroup members as well. To make sense of these disparate findings, we offer a theoretical framework that highlights the role of threat sensitivity in altruism. Refugees from Syria and Iraq (N = 1521) completed a welfare tradeoff task and threat perceptions scale where the other's group identity, gender and age were experimentally varied. We found that individuals belonging to social categories associated with more threat (outgroup members, males, and younger individuals) were afforded less altruism compared to individuals belonging to non-threatening social categories (ingroup members, females and the elderly). War exposure enhanced bias against threatening social categories through increased threat-sensitivity. Our results have implications for understanding how warfare shapes altruism and welfare tradeoffs in light of cross-cutting social categories and for policies promoting post-conflict cooperation. |
| ArticleNumber | 104101 |
| Author | Hall, Jonathan Skoog, Eric Öberg, Magnus Kahn, Dennis T. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jonathan surname: Hall fullname: Hall, Jonathan email: jonathan.hall@pcr.uu.se organization: Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Dennis T. surname: Kahn fullname: Kahn, Dennis T. organization: Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Israel – sequence: 3 givenname: Eric surname: Skoog fullname: Skoog, Eric organization: Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Magnus surname: Öberg fullname: Öberg, Magnus organization: Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden |
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| Keywords | Threat perceptions Welfare tradeoff ratio War exposure Altruism |
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| Snippet | How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war's prosocial effects extend to outgroup... How does war shape human altruism? Some find warfare increases generosity within groups only. Others maintain that war’s prosocial effects extend to outgroup... |
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| SubjectTerms | Altruism Threat perceptions War exposure Welfare tradeoff ratio |
| Title | War exposure, altruism and the recalibration of welfare tradeoffs towards threatening social categories |
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