Macronutrient composition of formulated diets for Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus, L.) juveniles

• Published in: Aquaculture Vol. 227; no. 1; pp. 233 - 244
• Main Authors: Hamre, Kristin, Øfsti, Anders, Næss, Tore, Nortvedt, Ragnar, Holm, Jens Chr
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 10-11-2003; Elsevier Science; Elsevier Sequoia S.A
• Subjects: Animal aquaculture; Animal productions; Aquaculture; Atlantic halibut; Biological and medical sciences; Diet; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary lipid; Fish; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Hippoglossus hippoglossus; Macronutrient composition; Marine; Nutrition; Pisciculture; Protein requirement; Vertebrate aquaculture; Protein requirement; Dietary lipid; Atlantic halibut; Dietary carbohydrate; Macronutrient composition; Composition; Lipids; Hippoglossus hippoglossus; Protein; Feeding; Vertebrata; Diet; Pisces; Nutrient; Carbohydrate; Macronutrient; Aquaculture
• ISSN: 0044-8486; 1873-5622
• DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00506-4

A three component mixture design was used to investigate the optimum composition of macronutrients for Atlantic halibut juveniles (0.5 g startweight). Protein, lipid and carbohydrate were varied between 530–830, 50–300 and 0–150 g kg
−1 dry wt., respectively. Of the 21 diets, 20 produced were fed to fish in single tanks, while 1 diet was fed to fish in four replicate tanks to estimate inter-tank variation. The experiment lasted for 2 months.
Carbohydrate levels above 50 g kg
−1 were suboptimal for the halibut as seen from lowered specific growth rates (SGR), increased hepatosomatic indices and accumulation of carbohydrate in the liver. At low carbohydrate levels (0 and 50 g kg
−1), the specific growth rates appeared similar with lipid levels between 50 and 250 g kg
−1, while 300 g lipid kg
−1 resulted in growth depression. At higher carbohydrate levels, fish growth was reduced with lipid levels increasing above 100 g kg
−1. It can be concluded that Atlantic halibut juveniles have low tolerance to dietary carbohydrate, whereas dietary lipid can be varied over a wide range without affecting growth performance. Based on the limits of 50 g kg
−1 for carbohydrate and 250 g kg
−1 for lipids, the protein requirement appears to be at least 630 g kg
−1.