Agave angustifolia Haw. Leaves as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction Optimization and Extract Characterization

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 29; no. 5; p. 1137
• Main Authors: Bermúdez-Bazán, Misael, Estarrón-Espinosa, Mirna, Castillo-Herrera, Gustavo Adolfo, Escobedo-Reyes, Antonio, Urias-Silvas, Judith Esmeralda, Lugo-Cervantes, Eugenia, Gschaedler-Mathis, Anne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03-03-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Agave; agro-wastes; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; bioactive compounds; Ethanol; extraction; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - chemistry; Natural products; Optimization; Phenols - chemistry; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - chemistry; Solvents; Variables; Variance analysis; vegetal extracts; vegetal extracts; agro-wastes; optimization; bioactive compounds; mass spectrometry; extraction; Agave
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051137

The leaves of
Haw. are the main agro-waste generated by the mezcal industry and are becoming an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, that could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the extraction and identification of these phytochemicals would revalorize these leaf by-products. Herein, maceration and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO
) extractions were optimized to maximize the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity of vegetal extracts of
Haw. In the maceration process, the optimal extraction condition was a water-ethanol mixture (63:37%
/
), which yielded a total phenolic and flavonoid content of 27.92 ± 0.90 mg EAG/g DL and 12.85 ± 0.53 µg QE/g DL, respectively, and an antioxidant capacity of 32.67 ± 0.91 (ABTS assay), 17.30 ± 0.36 (DPPH assay), and 13.92 ± 0.78 (FRAP assay) µM TE/g DL. Using supercritical extraction, the optimal conditions for polyphenol recovery were 60 °C, 320 bar, and 10%
/
. It was also observed that lower proportions of cosolvent decreased the polyphenol extraction more than pressure and temperature. In both optimized extracts, a total of 29 glycosylated flavonoid derivatives were identified using LC-ESI-QTof/MS. In addition, another eight novel compounds were identified in the supercritical extracts, showing the efficiency of the cosolvent for recovering new flavonoid derivatives.