Emotional eating across different eating disorders and the role of body mass, restriction, and binge eating
Objective Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass inde...
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Published in: | The International journal of eating disorders Vol. 54; no. 5; pp. 773 - 784 |
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Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01-05-2021
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Abstract | Objective
Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison.
Method
Interview‐diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN‐R) or binge‐purge anorexia nervosa (AN‐BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge‐eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing “negative emotional eating” (sadness, anger, anxiety) and “happiness eating.” ED groups were compared to BMI‐matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound.
Results
Within HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN‐R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI‐matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI‐matched HCs. Patients with AN‐BP occupied an intermediate position between AN‐R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI‐matched HCs.
Discussion
Negative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI‐independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN‐BP and AN‐R would need specific treatment modules. |
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AbstractList | Objective
Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison.
Method
Interview‐diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN‐R) or binge‐purge anorexia nervosa (AN‐BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge‐eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing “negative emotional eating” (sadness, anger, anxiety) and “happiness eating.” ED groups were compared to BMI‐matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound.
Results
Within HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN‐R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI‐matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI‐matched HCs. Patients with AN‐BP occupied an intermediate position between AN‐R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI‐matched HCs.
Discussion
Negative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI‐independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN‐BP and AN‐R would need specific treatment modules. OBJECTIVEDifferent subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison.METHODInterview-diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN-R) or binge-purge anorexia nervosa (AN-BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge-eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing "negative emotional eating" (sadness, anger, anxiety) and "happiness eating." ED groups were compared to BMI-matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound.RESULTSWithin HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN-R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI-matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. Patients with AN-BP occupied an intermediate position between AN-R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI-matched HCs.DISCUSSIONNegative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI-independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN-BP and AN-R would need specific treatment modules. Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic comparisons of all major EDs on emotional eating patterns are lacking. Furthermore, emotional eating correlates with body mass index (BMI), which also differs between EDs and thus confounds this comparison. Interview-diagnosed female ED patients (n = 204) with restrictive (AN-R) or binge-purge anorexia nervosa (AN-BP), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge-eating disorder (BED) completed a questionnaire assessing "negative emotional eating" (sadness, anger, anxiety) and "happiness eating." ED groups were compared to BMI-matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from underweight to obesity) to exclude BMI as a confound. Within HCs, higher BMI was associated with higher negative emotional eating and lower happiness eating. AN-R reported the lowest degree of negative emotional eating relative to other EDs and BMI-matched HCs, and the highest degree of happiness eating relative to other EDs. The BN and BED groups showed higher negative emotional eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. Patients with AN-BP occupied an intermediate position between AN-R and BN/BED and reported less happiness eating compared to BMI-matched HCs. Negative emotional and happiness eating patterns differ across EDs. BMI-independent emotional eating patterns distinguish ED subgroups and might be related to the occurrence of binge eating versus restriction. Hence, different types of emotional eating can represent fruitful targets for tailored psychotherapeutic interventions. While BN and BED might be treated with similar approaches, AN-BP and AN-R would need specific treatment modules. |
Author | Arend, Ann‐Kathrin Voderholzer, Ulrich Reichenberger, Julia Naab, Silke Schnepper, Rebekka Richard, Anna Blechert, Jens |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 Schoen Clinic Roseneck Prien am Chiemsee Germany 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of the LMU Munich Munich Germany 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany 1 Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany – name: 2 Schoen Clinic Roseneck Prien am Chiemsee Germany – name: 1 Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria – name: 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of the LMU Munich Munich Germany |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Julia orcidid: 0000-0003-4982-410X surname: Reichenberger fullname: Reichenberger, Julia email: julia.reichenberger@sbg.ac.at organization: Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Rebekka orcidid: 0000-0002-5415-5943 surname: Schnepper fullname: Schnepper, Rebekka organization: Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg – sequence: 3 givenname: Ann‐Kathrin surname: Arend fullname: Arend, Ann‐Kathrin organization: Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg – sequence: 4 givenname: Anna orcidid: 0000-0003-3926-8533 surname: Richard fullname: Richard, Anna organization: Schoen Clinic Roseneck – sequence: 5 givenname: Ulrich orcidid: 0000-0003-0261-3145 surname: Voderholzer fullname: Voderholzer, Ulrich organization: University Hospital Freiburg – sequence: 6 givenname: Silke surname: Naab fullname: Naab, Silke organization: Schoen Clinic Roseneck – sequence: 7 givenname: Jens orcidid: 0000-0002-3820-109X surname: Blechert fullname: Blechert, Jens organization: Paris‐Lodron‐University of Salzburg |
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Keywords | bulimia nervosa questionnaire emotions emotional eating binge-eating disorder anorexia nervosa obesity |
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Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet,... Different subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet, systematic... ObjectiveDifferent subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet,... OBJECTIVEDifferent subtypes of eating disorders (ED) show dysfunctional eating behaviors such as overeating and/or restriction in response to emotions. Yet,... |
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SubjectTerms | Anorexia Nervosa Binge eating Binge-Eating Disorder Body Mass Index Bulimia Nervosa Eating behavior Eating disorders emotional eating Emotions Feeding and Eating Disorders Female Happiness Humans obesity Original questionnaire |
Title | Emotional eating across different eating disorders and the role of body mass, restriction, and binge eating |
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