How Do Climate Change Experiments Alter Plot-Scale Climate?
To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compi...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Ecology letters Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 748 - 763 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Goddard Space Flight Center
Wiley
01-04-2019
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot-scale climate data from 15 active-warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs.unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6° Celsius degrees (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1°Celsius degrees (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2° Celsius degrees (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non-temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design,and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species' responses. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot-scale climate data from 15 active-warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs. unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6
C (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1
C (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2
C (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non-temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design, and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species' responses. To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot‐scale climate data from 15 active‐warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs. unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6 ∘C (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1 ∘C (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2 ∘C (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non‐temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design, and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species’ responses. To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot‐scale climate data from 15 active‐warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs. unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6 ∘C (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1 ∘C (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2 ∘C (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non‐temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design, and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species’ responses. Abstract To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot‐scale climate data from 15 active‐warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs. unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6 C (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1 C (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control ( n = 3) vs. by 2.2 C (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs ( n = 2). Warming treatments produce non‐temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design, and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species’ responses. Drought sensitivity is known to affect plant species distribution. However, since every stage of plant life cyclehas its own water requirements, plant performance and productivity is largely influenced by the timing of waterstress. Variation in drought sensitivity between stages might explain recently observed changes in tree agestructure along environmental gradients as well as species-specific responses to drought, yet it has poorly beentaken into account in species distribution models (SDMs). In this paper we discuss how plant responses to wateravailability during various life stages influence species distribution and abundance. We define the role of wateravailability at the stage of gametophyte, zygote, seed and seedling and explain the nature of drought-relatedinjuries. Moreover, we review examples that illustrate how plants adjust their phenology to cope with waterstress at early stages of plant life cycle. We also discuss possible ways forward of incorporating the effect of wateravailability on different stages of the reproductive cycle into correlative and process-based plant species distributionmodels (SDMs) in order to improve the accuracy of their predictions To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot-scale climate data from 15 active-warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs.unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6° Celsius degrees (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1°Celsius degrees (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2° Celsius degrees (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non-temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design,and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species' responses. |
| Audience | PUBLIC |
| Author | Panetta, A. M. Ettinger, A. K. Johnston, M. R. Vitasse, Y. Cook, B. I. Ellison, A. M. Rollinson, C. R. Wolkovich, E. M. Chuine, I. Dukes, J. S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A. K. surname: Ettinger fullname: Ettinger, A. K. organization: Harvard Univ – sequence: 2 givenname: I. surname: Chuine fullname: Chuine, I. organization: University of Montpellier – sequence: 3 givenname: B. I. surname: Cook fullname: Cook, B. I. organization: Columbia Univ – sequence: 4 givenname: J. S. surname: Dukes fullname: Dukes, J. S. organization: Purdue Univ – sequence: 5 givenname: A. M. surname: Ellison fullname: Ellison, A. M. organization: Harvard Univ – sequence: 6 givenname: M. R. surname: Johnston fullname: Johnston, M. R. organization: Harvard Univ – sequence: 7 givenname: A. M. surname: Panetta fullname: Panetta, A. M. organization: Colorado Univ – sequence: 8 givenname: C. R. surname: Rollinson fullname: Rollinson, C. R. organization: The Morton Arboretum – sequence: 9 givenname: Y. surname: Vitasse fullname: Vitasse, Y. organization: Swiss Federal Inst. for Snow and Avalanche Research – sequence: 10 givenname: E. M. surname: Wolkovich fullname: Wolkovich, E. M. organization: Harvard Univ |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30687988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-02392279$$DView record in HAL |
| BookMark | eNp1kM9LwzAYhoNM3A89eBcpePLQLV-TtQ0eZNTqhIKCO3gLafvVdXTtbDrn_nszuw0vfpeE8OTh_d4-6ZRViYRcAh2CmREWOATmOOyE9IC7YFOH-53jnb13SV_rBaXgCA_OSJdR1_eE7_fI3bTaWA-VFRT5UjVoBXNVfqAVfq-wzpdYNtqaFA3W1mtRNfZbogo8sPfn5DRThcaL_Tkgs8dwFkzt6OXpOZhEdsI5Y7ZIYzfmSqQmYaIUT-OEIfgZY0kyFpQnPmZ8zMZu6nMQmAGkcYpMxAAx9SgbkNtWO1eFXJlUqt7KSuVyOonk7s1sKBzHE19g2JuWXdXV5xp1IxfVui5NOumAL5hr9v5jTOpK6xqzoxao3DUqTaPyt1HDXu-N63iJ6ZE8VGiAUQts8gK3_5tkGIUH5VX7o1RaybKpTTgKgppxTRE_XTqGqg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_16627 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2021_108526 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_copbio_2023_102918 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1165045 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecs2_3778 crossref_primary_10_1111_2041_210X_13391 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2022_826205 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11258_021_01178_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2023_109456 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pclm_0000320 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2021_112713 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_11630 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejss_13071 crossref_primary_10_1111_ele_13693 crossref_primary_10_1093_aobpla_plaa027 crossref_primary_10_1093_treephys_tpaa054 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2020_539584 crossref_primary_10_1111_2041_210X_13932 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2020_125819 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actao_2020_103606 crossref_primary_10_1111_nph_17803 crossref_primary_10_3389_ffgc_2020_00038 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_33278_w crossref_primary_10_1139_as_2022_0030 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_14918 crossref_primary_10_1111_plb_13063 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_8406 crossref_primary_10_1002_fee_2337 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2020_144749 crossref_primary_10_1111_nph_17270 crossref_primary_10_17660_ActaHortic_2021_1311_38 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_3598 crossref_primary_10_1042_BCJ20220433 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvs_12911 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_14894 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2003361117 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_15685 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1126/science.aas9313 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0871:GWATEA]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/gcb.13383 10.1126/science.215.4539.1498 10.1073/pnas.0605642104 10.1038/nclimate1787 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03252.x 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.07.001 10.1093/icb/ict085 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00245.x 10.1890/ES14-00143.1 10.2307/3546421 10.1007/BF00541106 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x 10.1111/gcb.12919 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x 10.1073/pnas.1605365113 10.1038/nclimate1633 10.1038/srep04364 10.1890/ES13.00183.1 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01486.x 10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.009 10.1111/gcb.12420 10.1093/ee/10.5.716 10.2307/1948498 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00100.x 10.2307/2390583 10.1007/s10533-014-0001-3 10.1890/13-2186.1 10.1111/1365-2435.12309 10.1111/gcb.12831 10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0069:SMFPRT]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00880.x 10.1007/s00704-013-0942-9 10.1073/pnas.1606734113 10.1111/oik.03688 10.1073/pnas.0606292104 10.1111/gcb.12028 10.1038/nature11014 10.3354/cr01306 10.1007/s40641-018-0093-2 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.007 10.1093/ilar.43.4.202 10.1007/s10533-009-9297-9 10.1093/biosci/biv099 10.1038/nature17142 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00153.1 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x 10.1029/2005GL024379 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb04228.x 10.1007/BF00321185 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00112.x 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02690.x 10.1126/science.aan2874 10.1029/1999WR900047 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18343.x 10.1111/gcb.12855 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb136.x 10.1002/2015JD024584 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100 10.2307/1941962 10.2307/2261178 10.1098/rspb.2013.2612 10.1163/22941932-90000435 10.1007/978-1-4615-7358-6_1 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.1028.x 10.1890/070037 10.1098/rspb.2011.2367 10.1111/1365-2656.12328 10.1146/annurev.energy.32.053006.141119 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1896:PBCOTC]2.0.CO;2 10.1073/pnas.0600815103 10.1002/2016GL071921 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01689.x 10.1159/000056144 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00090.x 10.2307/1942661 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1261:EOEWOP]2.0.CO;2 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1115:PPAIAP]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02612.x 10.1038/nature02121 10.1029/2004GL021935 10.1017/CBO9780511806384 10.12987/yale/9780300209549.003.0016 10.1017/qua.2017.62 10.2307/1942058 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00859.x 10.1029/2001GB001573 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00579.1 10.1038/nclimate2497 10.1007/s00484-013-0718-z 10.1111/nph.14035 10.1038/35041539 10.1890/ES13-00234.1 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00072.x 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01554-7 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright Determination: GOV_PERMITTED 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright Determination: GOV_PERMITTED – notice: 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS – notice: 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. – notice: Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS – notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License |
| DBID | CYE CYI NPM AAYXX CITATION 7SN 7SS 7U9 C1K H94 M7N 1XC |
| DOI | 10.1111/ele.13223 |
| DatabaseName | NASA Scientific and Technical Information NASA Technical Reports Server PubMed CrossRef Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) |
| DatabaseTitle | PubMed CrossRef Entomology Abstracts AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed Entomology Abstracts CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Ecology Environmental Sciences |
| EISSN | 1461-0248 |
| Editor | Jeffers, Elizabeth |
| Editor_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Jeffers fullname: Jeffers, Elizabeth |
| EndPage | 763 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_HAL_hal_02392279v1 10_1111_ele_13223 30687988 ELE13223 20190000645 |
| Genre | reviewArticle Journal Article Review |
| GrantInformation | NSF DBI 14-01854 |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University – fundername: National Science Foundation funderid: NSF DBI 14‐01854 – fundername: National Science Foundation grantid: NSF DBI 14-01854 |
| GroupedDBID | --- .3N .GA 05W 0R~ 10A 1OC 29G 33P 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52S 52T 52U 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHBH AAHHS AAMNL AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABJNI ABPVW ACAHQ ACCFJ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFS ACGOD ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFEBI AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFRAH AFZJQ AHBTC AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE AJXKR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ATUGU AUFTA AZBYB AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMNLL BMXJE BNHUX BROTX BRXPI BY8 CS3 CYE CYI D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRSTM EBS ECGQY EJD ESX F00 F01 F04 F5P G-S G.N GODZA H.T H.X HGLYW HZI HZ~ IHE IX1 J0M K48 LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRSTM MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ N~3 O66 O9- OIG P2P P2W P2X P4D PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K ROL RX1 SUPJJ UB1 W8V W99 WBKPD WIH WIK WNSPC WOHZO WQJ WRC WXSBR WYISQ XG1 ZZTAW ~02 ~IA ~KM ~WT .Y3 31~ ABTAH ACBWZ ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN CAG COF FEDTE HF~ HVGLF LW6 ZY4 NPM AAYXX CITATION 7SN 7SS 7U9 C1K H94 M7N 1XC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4433-9db6b4a9d322caa4dbc3e18f33cc5904c8ef45356d8419ef11dbde39b11b0703 |
| IEDL.DBID | 33P |
| ISSN | 1461-023X |
| IngestDate | Wed Nov 06 06:45:55 EST 2024 Thu Oct 10 18:41:13 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 00:22:31 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:51:47 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 24 00:51:28 EDT 2024 Fri Nov 15 15:19:19 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Warming Experiment feedback target temperature spring phenology active-warming budburst global warming microclimate structural control direct and indirect effects soil moisture hidden treatment warming experiment Species distribution models Life cycle Species distribution Water availability Drought |
| Language | English |
| License | 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4433-9db6b4a9d322caa4dbc3e18f33cc5904c8ef45356d8419ef11dbde39b11b0703 |
| Notes | GSFC GSFC-E-DAA-TN65060 Goddard Space Flight Center |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6228-6732 0000-0003-3308-8785 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190000645 |
| PMID | 30687988 |
| PQID | 2189366870 |
| PQPubID | 32390 |
| PageCount | 16 |
| ParticipantIDs | hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02392279v1 proquest_journals_2189366870 crossref_primary_10_1111_ele_13223 pubmed_primary_30687988 wiley_primary_10_1111_ele_13223_ELE13223 nasa_ntrs_20190000645 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | April 2019 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2019 text: April 2019 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Goddard Space Flight Center – name: England – name: Paris |
| PublicationTitle | Ecology letters |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Ecol Lett |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Wiley Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Wiley – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| References | 2002; 16 1971; 41 2007; 104 2010; 97 2013; 3 2013; 4 2012; 485 2018; 360 1992; 122 2017; 44 2017; 88 1982; 54 2014b; 28 2006; 37 2014; 27 2000; 50 2010; 186 2012; 18 1999; 84 2012; 15 2011; 14 2007; 32 1997; 3 1996; 108 2017; 358 2013; 19 2009; 12 2000; 408 2014b; 116 2014; 5 2014; 4 2018; 4 1986; 7 2010; 119 2015; 84 2006; 21 1984; 54 2013; 53 2002; 43 1999; 14 2016; 113 2014; 58 2005; 32 1982; 215 2007; 5 2014a; 20 2014; 281 2014; 95 2017; 126 1989 1995; 9 2015; 5 2011; 2 2006; 15 2008; 14 2016; 121 2012; 39 2002 2004; 427 2003; 73 1995; 5 2001; 64 2016; 55 2004; 10 1995; 83 2016; 7 2006; 87 1993; 93 2015; 64 2015; 65 2004; 13 2015; 21 2016; 212 1999; 35 2016; 531 2018 2017 2014a; 121 2016 2013 2012; 279 2005; 11 1981; 10 1994; 4 2009; 149 2006; 103 2016; 22 1998; 79 e_1_2_12_6_1 e_1_2_12_2_1 e_1_2_12_17_1 e_1_2_12_20_1 e_1_2_12_66_1 e_1_2_12_43_1 e_1_2_12_85_1 e_1_2_12_24_1 e_1_2_12_47_1 e_1_2_12_62_1 e_1_2_12_81_1 e_1_2_12_100_1 e_1_2_12_28_1 e_1_2_12_31_1 e_1_2_12_77_1 e_1_2_12_54_1 e_1_2_12_96_1 e_1_2_12_35_1 e_1_2_12_58_1 e_1_2_12_12_1 e_1_2_12_73_1 e_1_2_12_50_1 e_1_2_12_92_1 e_1_2_12_3_1 e_1_2_12_18_1 e_1_2_12_21_1 e_1_2_12_44_1 e_1_2_12_63_1 e_1_2_12_86_1 e_1_2_12_25_1 e_1_2_12_48_1 e_1_2_12_67_1 e_1_2_12_40_1 e_1_2_12_82_1 e_1_2_12_29_1 e_1_2_12_32_1 e_1_2_12_74_1 e_1_2_12_97_1 e_1_2_12_36_1 e_1_2_12_59_1 e_1_2_12_78_1 e_1_2_12_13_1 e_1_2_12_7_1 e_1_2_12_51_1 e_1_2_12_70_1 e_1_2_12_93_1 e_1_2_12_4_1 e_1_2_12_19_1 e_1_2_12_38_1 e_1_2_12_41_1 e_1_2_12_87_1 e_1_2_12_22_1 e_1_2_12_64_1 e_1_2_12_45_1 e_1_2_12_26_1 e_1_2_12_68_1 e_1_2_12_83_1 e_1_2_12_60_1 e_1_2_12_49_1 e_1_2_12_52_1 e_1_2_12_98_1 e_1_2_12_33_1 e_1_2_12_75_1 e_1_2_12_56_1 e_1_2_12_37_1 e_1_2_12_79_1 e_1_2_12_14_1 e_1_2_12_90_1 e_1_2_12_8_1 e_1_2_12_10_1 e_1_2_12_94_1 e_1_2_12_71_1 Templer P.H. (e_1_2_12_89_1) 2016; 7 e_1_2_12_5_1 e_1_2_12_16_1 e_1_2_12_39_1 e_1_2_12_42_1 e_1_2_12_65_1 e_1_2_12_88_1 e_1_2_12_23_1 e_1_2_12_46_1 e_1_2_12_69_1 e_1_2_12_80_1 e_1_2_12_61_1 e_1_2_12_84_1 e_1_2_12_27_1 e_1_2_12_101_1 Milcu A. (e_1_2_12_55_1) 2016 e_1_2_12_30_1 e_1_2_12_53_1 e_1_2_12_76_1 e_1_2_12_99_1 e_1_2_12_34_1 e_1_2_12_57_1 e_1_2_12_15_1 e_1_2_12_91_1 e_1_2_12_11_1 e_1_2_12_72_1 e_1_2_12_95_1 e_1_2_12_9_1 |
| References_xml | – volume: 3 start-page: 52 year: 2013 end-page: 58 article-title: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models publication-title: Nat. Clim. Chang. – volume: 212 start-page: 354 year: 2016 end-page: 367 article-title: Convergent acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration to prevailing ambient temperatures under current and warmer climates in eucalyptus tereticornis publication-title: New Phytol. – volume: 5 start-page: 475 year: 2007 end-page: 482 article-title: Novel climates, no‐analog communities, and ecological surprises publication-title: Front. Ecol. Environ. – volume: 15 start-page: 164 year: 2012 end-page: 175 article-title: Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time publication-title: Ecol. Lett. – volume: 3 start-page: 482 year: 2013 article-title: Projections of declining surface‐water availability for the southwestern United States publication-title: Nat. Clim. Chang. – volume: 39 start-page: 1266 year: 2012 end-page: 1277 article-title: Niche models tell half the story: spatial context and life‐history traits influence species responses to global change publication-title: J. Biogeogr. – volume: 21 start-page: 3138 year: 2015 end-page: 3151 article-title: Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 531 start-page: 633 year: 2016 end-page: 636 article-title: Boreal and temperate trees show strong acclimation of respiration to warming publication-title: Nature – volume: 73 start-page: 69 year: 2003 end-page: 86 article-title: Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change: integrating experimental and gradient methods publication-title: Ecol. Monogr. – volume: 64 start-page: 99 year: 2015 end-page: 110 article-title: Modeling monthly temperature in mountainous ecoregions: importance of spatial scale for ecological research publication-title: Clim. Res. – volume: 4 start-page: 4364 year: 2014 article-title: The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 215 start-page: 1498 year: 1982 end-page: 1501 article-title: Influence of land‐surface evapotranspiration on the earth's climate publication-title: Science – volume: 18 start-page: 661 year: 2012 end-page: 672 article-title: Climate change might increase the invasion potential of the alien c4 grass setaria parviflora (Poaceae) in the Mediterranean Basin publication-title: Divers. Distrib. – volume: 5 start-page: 132 year: 1995 end-page: 150 article-title: Global warming and soil microclimate: results from a meadow‐warming experiment publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 93 start-page: 18 year: 1993 end-page: 24 article-title: Soil warming and trace gas fluxes: experimental design and preliminary flux results publication-title: Oecologia – volume: 19 start-page: 64 year: 2013 end-page: 74 article-title: Variable temperature effects of open top chambers at polar and alpine sites explained by irradiance and snow depth publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 104 start-page: 198 year: 2007 end-page: 202 article-title: Divergence of reproductive phenology under climate warming publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 16 start-page: 3–1 year: 2002 end-page: 3–18 article-title: Plant community composition mediates both large transient decline and predicted long‐term recovery of soil carbon under climate warming publication-title: Global Biogeochem. Cycles – start-page: 233 year: 2017 end-page: 249 – volume: 58 start-page: 1251 year: 2014 end-page: 1257 article-title: Tree leaf out response to temperature: comparing field observations, remote sensing, and a warming experiment publication-title: Int. J. Biometeorol. – volume: 50 start-page: 871 year: 2000 end-page: 882 article-title: Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: a conceptual framework for analysis ecosystem responses to global warming will be complex and varied. Ecosystem warming experiments hold great potential for providing insights on ways terrestrial ecosystems will respond to upcoming decades of climate change. Documentation of initial conditions provides the context for understanding and predicting ecosystem responses publication-title: Bioscience – volume: 104 start-page: 5738 year: 2007 end-page: 5742 article-title: Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 12 start-page: 334 year: 2009 end-page: 350 article-title: Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species’ ranges publication-title: Ecol. Lett. – volume: 88 start-page: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 11 article-title: Centennial to millennial hydroclimatic fluctuations in the humid northeast United States during the holocene publication-title: Quatern. Res. – start-page: 3 year: 1989 end-page: 19 – volume: 4 start-page: 617 year: 1994 end-page: 625 article-title: Responses of trace gas fluxes and N availability to experimentally elevated soil temperatures publication-title: Ecological applications – volume: 79 start-page: 1261 year: 1998 end-page: 1271 article-title: Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow publication-title: Ecology – volume: 7 year: 2016 article-title: Ecosystem warming increases sap flow rates of northern red oak trees publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 2 start-page: 534 year: 2011 end-page: 540 article-title: Heating up the forest: open‐top chamber warming manipulation of arthropod communities at Harvard and Duke Forests publication-title: Methods Ecol. Evol. – volume: 43 start-page: 202 year: 2002 end-page: 206 article-title: Practical aspects of experimental design in animal research publication-title: ILAR J. – volume: 53 start-page: 965 year: 2013 end-page: 974 article-title: Using physiology to predict the responses of ants to climatic warming publication-title: Integr. Comp. Biol. – volume: 21 start-page: 2349 year: 2015 end-page: 2356 article-title: Convergent ecosystem responses to 23‐year ambient and manipulated warming link advancing snowmelt and shrub encroachment to transient and long‐term climate–soil carbon feedback publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 13 start-page: 471 year: 2004 end-page: 473 article-title: Bioclimate envelope models: what they detect and what they hide – response to Hampe (2004) publication-title: Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. – volume: 108 start-page: 583 year: 1996 end-page: 595 article-title: Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale publication-title: Oecologia – volume: 14 start-page: 135 year: 1999 end-page: 139 article-title: Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. – volume: 11 start-page: 2041 year: 2005 end-page: 2056 article-title: Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – start-page: 080119 year: 2016 article-title: Systematic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study publication-title: bioRxiv(beta) – volume: 4 start-page: 164 year: 2018 end-page: 179 article-title: Climate change and drought: from past to future publication-title: Curr. Clim. Change Rep. – volume: 116 start-page: 287 year: 2014b end-page: 299 article-title: Microclimate and ecological threshold responses in a warming and wetting experiment following whole tree harvest publication-title: Theoret. Appl. Climatol. – volume: 13 start-page: 469 year: 2004 end-page: 471 article-title: Bioclimate envelope models: what they detect and what they hide publication-title: Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. – volume: 32 start-page: e01221 year: 2005 article-title: Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe: an update through 2004 publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – year: 2002 – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 17 article-title: Changes in ant community composition caused by 20 years of experimental warming vs. 13 years of natural climate shift publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 281 start-page: 20132612 year: 2014 article-title: Increased temperature variation poses a greater risk to species than climate warming publication-title: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. – volume: 97 start-page: 7 year: 2010 end-page: 19 article-title: Short‐term responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to experimental soil warming at the Swiss alpine treeline publication-title: Biogeochemistry – volume: 427 start-page: 145 year: 2004 end-page: 148 article-title: Extinction risk from climate change publication-title: Nature – volume: 27 start-page: 7921 year: 2014 end-page: 7948 article-title: Dynamical and thermodynamical causes of large‐scale changes in the hydrological cycle over north america in response to global warming publication-title: J. Clim. – volume: 35 start-page: 1839 year: 1999 end-page: 1851 article-title: Ground‐based investigation of soilmoisture variability within remote sensing footprints during the southern great plains 1997 (sgp97) hydrology experiment publication-title: Water Resour. Res. – year: 2013 – volume: 20 start-page: 1136 year: 2014a end-page: 1145 article-title: The seasonal timing of warming that controls onset of the growing season publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 27 start-page: 511 year: 2014 end-page: 526 article-title: Uncertainties in CMIP5 climate projections due to carbon cycle feedbacks publication-title: J. Clim. – volume: 95 start-page: 2646 year: 2014 end-page: 2656 article-title: Resistance and resilience of a grassland ecosystem to climate extremes publication-title: Ecology – volume: 113 start-page: 10589 year: 2016 end-page: 10594 article-title: Nonlinear, interacting responses to climate limit grassland production under global change publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. – volume: 408 start-page: 184 year: 2000 end-page: 187 article-title: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon‐cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model publication-title: Nature – volume: 65 start-page: 922 year: 2015 end-page: 931 article-title: Global change experiments: challenges and opportunities publication-title: Bioscience – volume: 10 start-page: 2020 year: 2004 end-page: 2027 article-title: Patterns and uncertainties of species’ range shifts under climate change publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 149 start-page: 1791 year: 2009 end-page: 1799 article-title: Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods by ecosystem, objective, and practicality publication-title: Agric. For. Meteorol. – volume: 41 start-page: 351 year: 1971 end-page: 389 article-title: Competition, disturbance, and community organization: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community publication-title: Ecol. Monogr. – volume: 360 start-page: 317 year: 2018 end-page: 320 article-title: Unexpected reversal of C3 versus C4 grass response to elevated CO2 during a 20‐year field experiment publication-title: Science – year: 2018 – volume: 84 start-page: 785 year: 2015 end-page: 796 article-title: The effects of experimental warming on the timing of a plant–insect herbivore interaction publication-title: J. Anim. Ecol. – volume: 10 start-page: 716 year: 1981 end-page: 720 article-title: Evaluation of plant density and temperature in predator‐prey interactions in field cages publication-title: Environ. Entomol. – volume: 55 start-page: 437 year: 2016 end-page: 473 – volume: 54 start-page: 50 year: 1982 end-page: 54 article-title: Photosynthetic and growth response to fumigation with SO2 at elevated CO2 for C3 and C4 plants publication-title: Oecologia – volume: 9 start-page: 340 year: 1995 end-page: 350 article-title: Temperature effects of passive greenhouse apparatus in high‐latitude climate change experiments publication-title: Funct. Ecol. – volume: 3 start-page: 259 year: 1997 end-page: 267 article-title: Temperature‐controlled open‐top chambers for global change research publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 12 article-title: Geographic differences in effects of experimental warming on ant species diversity and community composition publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 32 year: 2005 article-title: Improved understanding of soil moisture variability dynamics publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 122 start-page: 239 year: 1992 end-page: 251 article-title: Predicting plant responses to global environmental change publication-title: New Phytol. – volume: 485 start-page: 494 year: 2012 end-page: 497 article-title: Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to climate change publication-title: Nature – volume: 14 start-page: 1191 year: 2011 end-page: 1200 article-title: Climate change and community disassembly: impacts of warming on tropical and temperate montane community structure publication-title: Ecol. Lett. – volume: 15 start-page: 395 year: 2006 end-page: 405 article-title: Towards European climate risk surfaces: the extent and distribution of analogous and non‐analogous climates 1931–2100 publication-title: Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. – volume: 21 start-page: 2334 year: 2015 end-page: 2348 article-title: Design and performance of combined infrared canopy and below‐ground warming in the B4WarmED (Boreal forest warming at an ecotone in danger) experiment publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 119 start-page: 791 year: 2010 end-page: 795 article-title: Like moths to a street lamp: exaggerated animal densities in plot‐level global change field experiments publication-title: Oikos – volume: 21 start-page: 400 year: 2006 end-page: 407 article-title: How close are we to a predictive science of the biosphere? publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. – volume: 44 start-page: 236 year: 2017 end-page: 244 article-title: Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 18 start-page: 1754 year: 2012 end-page: 1768 article-title: Interactive responses of old‐field plant growth and composition to warming and precipitation publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 18 start-page: 1108 year: 2012 end-page: 1116 article-title: Experimental warming alters spring phenology of certain plant functional groups in an early successional forest community publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 113 start-page: 13797 year: 2016 end-page: 13802 article-title: Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. – volume: 358 start-page: 101 year: 2017 end-page: 105 article-title: Long‐term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world publication-title: Science – volume: 5 start-page: 148 year: 2015 end-page: 152 article-title: Geographic range predicts photosynthetic and growth response to warming in co‐occurring tree species publication-title: Nat. Clim. Chang. – volume: 14 start-page: 309 year: 2008 end-page: 320 article-title: Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 83 start-page: 967 year: 1995 end-page: 977 article-title: Phenology and growth of three temperate forest life forms in response to artificial soil warming publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 87 start-page: 1896 year: 2006 end-page: 1906 article-title: Predicting biodiversity change: outside the climate envelope, beyond the species‐area curve publication-title: Ecology – volume: 121 start-page: 5138 year: 2016 end-page: 5158 article-title: Reassessing changes in diurnal temperature range: intercomparison and evaluation of existing global data set estimates publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. – volume: 279 start-page: 2072 year: 2012 end-page: 2080 article-title: On a collision course: competition and dispersal differences create no‐analogue communities and cause extinctions during climate change publication-title: Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. – volume: 103 start-page: 13740 year: 2006 end-page: 13744 article-title: Diverse responses of phenology to global changes in a grassland ecosystem publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 186 start-page: 900 year: 2010 end-page: 910 article-title: Changes in leaf phenology of three European oak species in response to experimental climate change publication-title: New Phytol. – volume: 28 start-page: 1344 year: 2014b end-page: 1355 article-title: Tree phenology responses to winter chilling, spring warming, at north and south range limits publication-title: Funct. Ecol. – volume: 126 start-page: 8 year: 2017 end-page: 17 article-title: Effects of experimental warming on biodiversity depend on ecosystem type and local species composition publication-title: Oikos – volume: 3 start-page: 20 year: 1997 end-page: 32 article-title: Open‐top designs for manipulating field temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 22 start-page: 3444 year: 2016 end-page: 3460 article-title: Can phenological models predict tree phenology accurately in the future? the unrevealed hurdle of endodormancy break publication-title: Glob. Change Biol. – volume: 32 start-page: 1 year: 2007 end-page: 29 article-title: Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change publication-title: Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 2013 end-page: 28 article-title: Soil respiration in a northeastern US temperate forest: a 22‐year synthesis publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 84 start-page: 417 year: 1999 end-page: 434 article-title: Plant responses to species removal and experimental warming in Alaskan tussock tundra publication-title: Oikos – volume: 54 start-page: 187 year: 1984 end-page: 211 article-title: Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments publication-title: Ecol. Monogr. – volume: 37 start-page: 637 year: 2006 end-page: 669 article-title: Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change publication-title: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. – volume: 121 start-page: 339 year: 2014a end-page: 354 article-title: Do ‘hot moments’ become hotter under climate change? Soil nitrogen dynamics from a climate manipulation experiment in a post‐harvest forest publication-title: Biogeochemistry – volume: 64 start-page: 1 year: 2001 end-page: 7 article-title: Progress in the search for ideal drugs publication-title: Pharmacology – volume: 7 start-page: 31 year: 1986 end-page: 38 article-title: Water uptake in deciduous trees during winter and the role of conducting tissues in spring reactivation publication-title: IAWA J. – ident: e_1_2_12_73_1 doi: 10.1126/science.aas9313 – ident: e_1_2_12_80_1 doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0871:GWATEA]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_11_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.13383 – ident: e_1_2_12_83_1 doi: 10.1126/science.215.4539.1498 – ident: e_1_2_12_82_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605642104 – ident: e_1_2_12_78_1 doi: 10.1038/nclimate1787 – ident: e_1_2_12_58_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03252.x – ident: e_1_2_12_2_1 doi: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.07.001 – ident: e_1_2_12_20_1 doi: 10.1093/icb/ict085 – ident: e_1_2_12_60_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00245.x – ident: e_1_2_12_64_1 doi: 10.1890/ES14-00143.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_38_1 doi: 10.2307/3546421 – ident: e_1_2_12_9_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00541106 – ident: e_1_2_12_23_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x – ident: e_1_2_12_49_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.12919 – ident: e_1_2_12_39_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02626.x – ident: e_1_2_12_8_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605365113 – ident: e_1_2_12_17_1 doi: 10.1038/nclimate1633 – ident: e_1_2_12_67_1 doi: 10.1038/srep04364 – ident: e_1_2_12_31_1 doi: 10.1890/ES13.00183.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_48_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01486.x – ident: e_1_2_12_57_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.009 – ident: e_1_2_12_12_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.12420 – ident: e_1_2_12_88_1 doi: 10.1093/ee/10.5.716 – ident: e_1_2_12_18_1 doi: 10.2307/1948498 – ident: e_1_2_12_63_1 doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00100.x – ident: e_1_2_12_45_1 doi: 10.2307/2390583 – ident: e_1_2_12_51_1 doi: 10.1007/s10533-014-0001-3 – ident: e_1_2_12_40_1 doi: 10.1890/13-2186.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_13_1 doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12309 – ident: e_1_2_12_36_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.12831 – ident: e_1_2_12_22_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0069:SMFPRT]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_10_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00880.x – ident: e_1_2_12_52_1 doi: 10.1007/s00704-013-0942-9 – ident: e_1_2_12_101_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1606734113 – ident: e_1_2_12_32_1 doi: 10.1111/oik.03688 – ident: e_1_2_12_98_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606292104 – ident: e_1_2_12_6_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.12028 – ident: e_1_2_12_99_1 doi: 10.1038/nature11014 – ident: e_1_2_12_76_1 doi: 10.3354/cr01306 – ident: e_1_2_12_15_1 doi: 10.1007/s40641-018-0093-2 – ident: e_1_2_12_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.007 – ident: e_1_2_12_43_1 doi: 10.1093/ilar.43.4.202 – ident: e_1_2_12_33_1 doi: 10.1007/s10533-009-9297-9 – ident: e_1_2_12_19_1 doi: 10.1093/biosci/biv099 – ident: e_1_2_12_72_1 doi: 10.1038/nature17142 – ident: e_1_2_12_79_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00153.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_44_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x – ident: e_1_2_12_25_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_96_1 doi: 10.1029/2005GL024379 – ident: e_1_2_12_100_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb04228.x – ident: e_1_2_12_65_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00321185 – ident: e_1_2_12_62_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00112.x – ident: e_1_2_12_87_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02690.x – ident: e_1_2_12_53_1 doi: 10.1126/science.aan2874 – ident: e_1_2_12_26_1 doi: 10.1029/1999WR900047 – ident: e_1_2_12_56_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18343.x – ident: e_1_2_12_74_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.12855 – ident: e_1_2_12_50_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb136.x – ident: e_1_2_12_92_1 doi: 10.1002/2015JD024584 – start-page: 080119 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_12_55_1 article-title: Systematic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study publication-title: bioRxiv(beta) contributor: fullname: Milcu A. – ident: e_1_2_12_61_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100 – ident: e_1_2_12_66_1 doi: 10.2307/1941962 – ident: e_1_2_12_27_1 doi: 10.2307/2261178 – ident: e_1_2_12_95_1 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2612 – ident: e_1_2_12_24_1 doi: 10.1163/22941932-90000435 – ident: e_1_2_12_29_1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7358-6_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_47_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.1028.x – ident: e_1_2_12_97_1 doi: 10.1890/070037 – ident: e_1_2_12_94_1 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2367 – volume: 7 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_12_89_1 article-title: Ecosystem warming increases sap flow rates of northern red oak trees publication-title: Ecosphere contributor: fullname: Templer P.H. – ident: e_1_2_12_46_1 doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12328 – ident: e_1_2_12_28_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.32.053006.141119 – ident: e_1_2_12_42_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1896:PBCOTC]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_86_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_14_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600815103 – ident: e_1_2_12_5_1 doi: 10.1002/2016GL071921 – ident: e_1_2_12_81_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01689.x – ident: e_1_2_12_85_1 doi: 10.1159/000056144 – ident: e_1_2_12_34_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00090.x – ident: e_1_2_12_41_1 doi: 10.2307/1942661 – ident: e_1_2_12_69_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1261:EOEWOP]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_7_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1115:PPAIAP]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_75_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02612.x – ident: e_1_2_12_91_1 doi: 10.1038/nature02121 – ident: e_1_2_12_90_1 doi: 10.1029/2004GL021935 – ident: e_1_2_12_70_1 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511806384 – ident: e_1_2_12_37_1 doi: 10.12987/yale/9780300209549.003.0016 – ident: e_1_2_12_84_1 doi: 10.1017/qua.2017.62 – ident: e_1_2_12_35_1 doi: 10.2307/1942058 – ident: e_1_2_12_93_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00859.x – ident: e_1_2_12_77_1 doi: 10.1029/2001GB001573 – ident: e_1_2_12_30_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00579.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_71_1 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2497 – ident: e_1_2_12_68_1 doi: 10.1007/s00484-013-0718-z – ident: e_1_2_12_4_1 doi: 10.1111/nph.14035 – ident: e_1_2_12_16_1 doi: 10.1038/35041539 – ident: e_1_2_12_54_1 doi: 10.1890/ES13-00234.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_59_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00072.x – ident: e_1_2_12_21_1 doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01554-7 |
| SSID | ssj0012971 |
| Score | 2.5056467 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation.... Abstract To understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and... Drought sensitivity is known to affect plant species distribution. However, since every stage of plant life cyclehas its own water requirements, plant... |
| SourceID | hal proquest crossref pubmed wiley nasa |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 748 |
| SubjectTerms | active‐warming Biodiversity and Ecology budburst Case studies Climate change Climatic data Data retrieval Design of experiments direct and indirect effects Drying Environmental Sciences Experimental design Experiments feedback Feedback control Field tests Global Changes global warming hidden treatment Masks Meteorology And Climatology microclimate Sensitivity analysis soil moisture Soil temperature spring phenology structural control target temperature Temperature effects warming experiment |
| Title | How Do Climate Change Experiments Alter Plot-Scale Climate? |
| URI | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190000645 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fele.13223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30687988 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2189366870 https://hal.science/hal-02392279 |
| Volume | 22 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEF5sQfDis2q0ShAPXiLdR9IED1I0pYcigh56C_sqCqUtTSv05k_wN_pLnNk0UUFB8BaymzDM7MzO7M58Q8i5sTrSieaBkpIFgrY4NnKXAWPGqIjRSEp3dPHQvhvEtynC5FyVtTAFPkR14Iaa4ew1KrhU-RclB6t8iaEUIn1ClODKN_h9dYPAkiLYEhGEy4wPVqhCmMVTffltL6o9YSZkfSxz-ZO3-d15dbtPd-tfdG-TzZXT6XeKVbJD1ux4l6wXbSiX8JQ66OrlHsEsWt9MfD16Bk_W-kVZsP_ZBiD33fW6Px1N5u-vbzlI2JazrxvksZs-3vSCVYOFQAvBQSogDiVkYoAcLaUwSnNL4yHnWodJS-jYDkXIw8jEgiZ2SKlRxvJEUarQVOwDuyZje0h8HkreZhL0OdHC8JZkUnFlFQLWM5Uoj5yVnM6mBYxGVoYfwJDMMQQmgQyqcQS-7nX6Gb7DElzEOnyhHmmgiLLxfJZnDCvhnVsVeqRZyixbqSGMU3DHoghskkcOCjlWv4dYKUawNo9cOHH9TleW9lP3cPT3qcdkA4krcnyapD6fLewJqeVmcerW6QeLyuTM |
| link.rule.ids | 230,315,782,786,887,1408,27935,27936,46066,46490 |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1fS9xAEB96llJftLVWo7YN0oe-pNz-ScyCIKKRKz1F6D34tuy_w4LciTkF3_wIfkY_iTObS1RoodC3kN2EYWZndmZ35jcAX31whVNOZNYYnknWF9TI3WSce28Lzgpj4tHFr52Ts_KwIpic3bYWpsGH6A7cSDOivSYFpwPpZ1qOZvk7xVKiB69lIRU1bhDitLtD4KoJt2SBATMXZ3NcIcrj6T59sRv1zikXcmFiavMnf_Ol-xr3n6Pl_6P8HSzN_c50v1ko7-FVmKzAm6YT5S0-VRG9-vYDUCJt6qepu_iNzmxIm8rg9KkTQJ3GG_b08mI6e7i7r1HIoZ29twqjo2p0MMjmPRYyJ6VAwaBErDTKIznOGOmtE4GVYyGcy1VfujKMZS7ywpeSqTBmzFsfhLKMWbIWH5Ff00lYh1TkRuxwgyqtnPSib7ixwgZLmPXcKpvAdstqfdkgaeg2AkGG6MgQnIRC6MYJ-3qwP9T0jqpwCe7whiWwSjLSk9lVrTkVw0fPKk9gqxWanmsijjP0yIoCzVICa40gu99juFQSXlsC36K8_k6XroZVfNj496lf4O1gdDzUwx8nPzdhkQhtUn62YGF2dR0-Qa_215_jon0EAfHo7Q |
| linkToPdf | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LSxxBEC6yG5Rc4jPJGB-DePAysv2Y2Rk8BImzKC4i6MFb069FQXYXZw14y0_wN_pLUtWzMypECOQ2TPcMRVVXdVV31VcAe87bzBZWJEZrnkjWE9TIXSecO2cyzjKtw9HFZf_8Oj8uCSbnsKmFqfEh2gM30oxgr0nBp270SsnRKh9QKCU68FGSG071G-KivULgRR1tyQzjZS6u57BClMbTfvpmM-rcUCpkd6wr_Td38633GrafwdJ_Eb4Mn-deZ3xUL5MV-ODHq7BQ96F8xKcyYFc_rgGl0cZuEtu7W3RlfVzXBccvfQCqONyvx9O7yez591OFIvbN7B_rcDUor36eJPMOC4mVUqBYUB5G6sIhOVZr6YwVnuUjIaxNi560uR_JVKSZyyUr_IgxZ5wXhWHMkK34guyajP03iEWqRZ9rVOjCSid6mmsjjDeEWM9NYSLYbTitpjWOhmriD2SICgzBSSiDdpyQr0-OhoreUQ0ugR3-YhGsk4jUeHZfKU6l8MGvSiPYbGSm5nqI4wz9sSxDoxTB11qO7e8xWMoJrS2C_SCu9-lS5bAMDxv_PnUHFi-OB2p4en72HT4RnXW-zyZ0Z_cPfgs6lXvYDkv2D05755w |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+do+climate+change+experiments+alter+plot%E2%80%90scale+climate%3F&rft.jtitle=Ecology+letters&rft.au=Ettinger%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Chuine%2C+I.&rft.au=Cook%2C+B.%C2%A0I.&rft.au=Dukes%2C+J.+S.&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.issn=1461-023X&rft.eissn=1461-0248&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=748&rft.epage=763&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fele.13223&rft.externalDBID=10.1111%252Fele.13223&rft.externalDocID=ELE13223 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1461-023X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1461-023X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1461-023X&client=summon |