Linking vgll3 genotype and aggressive behaviour in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

• Published in: Journal of fish biology Vol. 100; no. 5; pp. 1264 - 1271
• Main Authors: Bangura, Paul Bai, Tiira, Katriina, Niemelä, Petri T., Erkinaro, Jaakko, Liljeström, Petra, Toikkanen, Anna, Primmer, Craig R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2022; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Aggression; Aggressive behavior; Aggressive behaviour; Aggressiveness; Animals; Aquaculture; Aquaculture practices; Atlantic salmon; Colour; Condition factor; energy; Feeding; Freshwater fishes; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Juveniles; Marine fishes; Maturation; Regular Paper; Regular Papers; Salmo salar; Salmo salar - genetics; Salmon; Transcription Factors - genetics; vgll3 genotype; maturation; vgll3 genotype; Atlantic salmon; aggressiveness; energy
• ISSN: 0022-1112; 1095-8649
• DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15040

We tested the possibility that vgll3, a gene linked with maturation age in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), may be associated with behaviour by measuring aggressiveness and feeding activity in 380 juveniles with different vgll3 genotypes. Contrary to our prediction, individuals with the genotype associated with later maturation (vgll3*LL) were significantly more aggressive than individuals with the genotype associated with earlier maturation (vgll3*EE). Individuals with higher aggression were also significantly lighter in colour and had higher feeding activity. Although higher aggression was associated with higher feeding activity, there was no association between feeding activity and vgll3 genotype. Increased aggression of vgll3*LL individuals was independent of their sex and size, and genotypes did not differ in their condition factor. These results imply that aggressive behaviour may have an energetic cost impairing growth and condition, especially when food cannot be monopolized. This may have implications for individual fitness and aquaculture practices.