Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health s...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 658354 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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26-05-2021
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| Abstract | The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis. |
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| AbstractList | The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis. |
| Author | de Vos, Paul Gasaly, Naschla Hermoso, Marcela A. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile 2 Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands 3 Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands – name: 3 Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile – name: 1 Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Naschla surname: Gasaly fullname: Gasaly, Naschla – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul surname: de Vos fullname: de Vos, Paul – sequence: 3 givenname: Marcela A. surname: Hermoso fullname: Hermoso, Marcela A. |
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| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 This article was submitted to Mucosal Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Yogesh Singh, Tübingen University Hospital, Germany; Silvia Melgar, University College Cork, Ireland Edited by: Christoph Mueller, University of Bern, Switzerland |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187770/ |
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| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021-05-26 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-05-26 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2021 text: 2021-05-26 day: 26 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Frontiers in immunology |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media S.A |
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