Solanum torvum Swartz. fruit attenuates cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage through modulation of oxidative stress and glycosylation

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 23; no. 8; pp. 7919 - 7929
• Main Authors: Ramamurthy, C. H., Subastri, A., Suyavaran, A., Subbaiah, K. C. V., Valluru, L., Thirunavukkarasu, C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biomarkers - metabolism; Cadmium; Cadmium - toxicity; Carbonyl compounds; Contaminants; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Environmental science; Enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Experiments; Fruit - chemistry; Fruits; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glycosylation - drug effects; Heavy metals; Herbs; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver diseases; Male; Metabolism; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidizing agents; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Pollutants; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Research Article; Solanaceae; Solanum - chemistry; Solanum torvum; Studies; Toxicity; Tyrosine - analogs & derivatives; Tyrosine - metabolism; Vitamin E; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; ASW, South America; INW, Asia; MED, Turkey; Africa; Nephroprotective; Hepatoprotective; Heavy metal toxicity; Phytomedicine
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6044-3

Increased levels of environmental pollutants are linked to almost all human disorders; the efficient method to manage the human health is through naturally available dietary molecule.
Solanum torvum
(
ST
) Swartz (Solanaceae) commonly called Turkey Berry is found in Africa, Asia, and South America. Its fruit, part of traditional Indian cuisine, is a widely consumed nutritious herb, acclaimed for its medicinal value.
ST
aqueous extract (
STAe
) (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w., 6 days; oral) against acute Cadmium (Cd) (6.3 mg/kg b.w., single dose; oral) toxicity was evaluated in rats. Protective effect was assessed using serum markers, tissue antioxidants, oxidant derivatives, glycoprotein, and histopathological studies. The activities of serum marker enzymes were increased (40–60 %); antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, GSH, and its metabolic enzyme activities were decreased (50–80 %) in the liver and kidney upon Cd intoxication. During
STAe
pre-treatment, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., the above changes were brought to near normal (25–63 %). Tissue 4-hydroxynonenal, 3-nitrotyrosine, and protein carbonyls were increased (8–15 fold) in Cd-alone-treated rats, whereas pre-supplementation of
STAe
significantly decreased their levels and inhibited the protein glycosylation effectively. The pharmacological effect of
STAe
was confirmed by histopathological observations. Based on previous literature and present investigation, we conclude that
ST
may serve as a potential functional food against environmental contaminant such as heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.