Struggling bodies at the border: migration, violence and HIV vulnerability in the Mexico/Guatemala border region

• Published in: Anthropology & medicine Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 363 - 379
• Main Authors: Muñoz Martínez, Rubén, Fernández Casanueva, Carmen, González, Omar, Morales Miranda, Sonia, Brouwer, Kimberly C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Routledge 01-12-2020; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropology, Medical; Borders; Collective representation; Cultural relations; Displaced persons; Drug abuse; Drug use; Drugs; Female; Global local relationship; Guatemala - ethnology; HIV; HIV Infections - ethnology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Local population; Male; Mexico - ethnology; Migrants; Migration; Money; Organized crime; Politics; Refugees; Safe sexual practices; Sex industry; Sex Work - ethnology; Social groups; structural vulnerability; Substance-Related Disorders - ethnology; Transients and Migrants; Undocumented immigrants; Violence; Violence - ethnology; Vulnerability; Young Adult; Guatemala; Mexico; migration; drug use; structural vulnerability; HIV; violence
• ISSN: 1364-8470; 1469-2910
• DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2019.1676638

The Mexico-Guatemala border is the site of significant movement of people whose principal destination is the USA. The first step, to cross Mexico, is considered as one of the most dangerous routes in the world for undocumented migrants. For some male migrants and displaced persons from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, initiating sex work in the Mexican border city of Tapachula has become a way to earn money to survive during the trip northward - providing funds to keep traveling and decrease the danger of being killed or kidnaped by organized crime groups. Non-injected drug use during sex work with men and/or women is a common praxis for this purpose, and is linked to HIV risk activities such as unprotected sex. Our study is based on ethnographic fieldwork with observation and interviews and within a relational approach understanding the processes subject/structure, sociopolitical/cultural and global/local, not as oppositions, rather as linkages visible through actors' points of view and praxis. The productions of politics and cultures related to structural vulnerability to HIV infection are embedded in local and global borderization processes where legal and illegal transnational forces, states' frameworks and social groups play a linked role. The economies of structural, symbolic and direct violence affect migratory patterns, institutional interactions and social and cultural relations with the local population. In this context, social representations and praxis about unprotected sex and drug use are the locus of struggling bodies at the border.