Olfactory fMRI: Implications of Stimulation Length and Repetition Time
Abstract Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior pir...
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| Published in: | Chemical senses Vol. 43; no. 6; pp. 389 - 398 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
05-07-2018
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| Abstract | Abstract
Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the insula. Twenty-two healthy participants with normal olfaction were examined with fMRI, with 2 stimulation lengths (6 s and 15 s) and 2 TRs (0.901 s and 1.34 s). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM), Tensorial Independent Component Analysis (TICA), and by plotting the event-related time course of brain activation in the 4 olfactory regions of interest. The statistical analysis of the time courses revealed that short TR was associated with more pronounced signal increase and short stimulation was associated with shorter time to peak signal. Additionally, both long stimulation and short TR were associated with oscillatory time courses, whereas both short stimulation and short TR resulted in more typical time courses. GLM analysis showed that the combination of short stimulation and short TR could result in visually larger activation within these olfactory areas. TICA validated that the tested paradigm was spatially and temporally associated with a functionally connected network that included all 4 olfactory regions. In conclusion, the combination of short stimulation and short TR is associated with higher signal increase and shorter time to peak, making it more amenable to standard GLM-type analyses than long stimulation and long TR, and it should, thus, be preferable for olfactory fMRI. |
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| AbstractList | Studying olfaction with functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of four olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the insula. 22 healthy participants with normal olfaction were examined with fMRI, with two stimulation lengths (6 seconds and 15 seconds) and two TRs (0.901 seconds and 1.34 seconds). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM), Tensorial Independent Component Analysis (TICA) and by plotting the event related time course of brain activation in the four olfactory regions of interest. The statistical analysis of the time courses revealed that short TR was associated with more pronounced signal increase and short stimulation was associated with shorter time to peak signal. Additionally, both long stimulation and short TR were associated with oscillatory time courses, whereas both short stimulation and short TR resulted in more typical time courses. GLM analysis showed that the combination of short stimulation and short TR could result in visually larger activation within these olfactory areas. TICA validated that the tested paradigm was spatially and temporally associated with a functionally connected network that included all four olfactory regions. In conclusion, the combination of short stimulation and short TR is associated with higher signal increase and shorter time to peak, making it more amenable to standard GLM-type analyses than long stimulation and long TR, and it should, thus, be preferable for olfactory fMRI. Abstract Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the insula. Twenty-two healthy participants with normal olfaction were examined with fMRI, with 2 stimulation lengths (6 s and 15 s) and 2 TRs (0.901 s and 1.34 s). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM), Tensorial Independent Component Analysis (TICA), and by plotting the event-related time course of brain activation in the 4 olfactory regions of interest. The statistical analysis of the time courses revealed that short TR was associated with more pronounced signal increase and short stimulation was associated with shorter time to peak signal. Additionally, both long stimulation and short TR were associated with oscillatory time courses, whereas both short stimulation and short TR resulted in more typical time courses. GLM analysis showed that the combination of short stimulation and short TR could result in visually larger activation within these olfactory areas. TICA validated that the tested paradigm was spatially and temporally associated with a functionally connected network that included all 4 olfactory regions. In conclusion, the combination of short stimulation and short TR is associated with higher signal increase and shorter time to peak, making it more amenable to standard GLM-type analyses than long stimulation and long TR, and it should, thus, be preferable for olfactory fMRI. Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the insula. Twenty-two healthy participants with normal olfaction were examined with fMRI, with 2 stimulation lengths (6 s and 15 s) and 2 TRs (0.901 s and 1.34 s). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM), Tensorial Independent Component Analysis (TICA), and by plotting the event-related time course of brain activation in the 4 olfactory regions of interest. The statistical analysis of the time courses revealed that short TR was associated with more pronounced signal increase and short stimulation was associated with shorter time to peak signal. Additionally, both long stimulation and short TR were associated with oscillatory time courses, whereas both short stimulation and short TR resulted in more typical time courses. GLM analysis showed that the combination of short stimulation and short TR could result in visually larger activation within these olfactory areas. TICA validated that the tested paradigm was spatially and temporally associated with a functionally connected network that included all 4 olfactory regions. In conclusion, the combination of short stimulation and short TR is associated with higher signal increase and shorter time to peak, making it more amenable to standard GLM-type analyses than long stimulation and long TR, and it should, thus, be preferable for olfactory fMRI. |
| Author | Haller, Sven Zachrisson, Helene Georgiopoulos, Charalampos Witt, Suzanne T Engström, Maria Larsson, Elna-Marie Dizdar, Nil |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Charalampos surname: Georgiopoulos fullname: Georgiopoulos, Charalampos email: Charalampos.Georgiopoulos@regionostergotland.se organization: Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Röntgenkliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Suzanne T orcidid: 0000-0002-5530-0807 surname: Witt fullname: Witt, Suzanne T organization: Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Sven orcidid: 0000-0001-7433-0203 surname: Haller fullname: Haller, Sven organization: Affidea CDRC Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge SA, clos de la Fonderie, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: Nil orcidid: 0000-0002-9556-6984 surname: Dizdar fullname: Dizdar, Nil organization: Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: Helene orcidid: 0000-0001-6536-468X surname: Zachrisson fullname: Zachrisson, Helene organization: Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Maria surname: Engström fullname: Engström, Maria organization: Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: Elna-Marie orcidid: 0000-0001-6308-1387 surname: Larsson fullname: Larsson, Elna-Marie organization: Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset Uppsala, Sweden |
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Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the... Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of... Studying olfaction with functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of... |
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