The Deterrence Hypothesis Reexamined: Sports Participation and Substance Use among Young Adults

• Published in: Journal of drug issues Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 193 - 221
• Main Authors: Eitle, David, Turner, R. Jay, Eitle, Tamela McNulty
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 2003; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Alcohol Abuse; Deterrence; Drug Abuse; Drug use; Florida; Intervention; Participation; Racial differences; Risk Factors; Sports; Sports Participation; Substance abuse; USA; Young Adults
• ISSN: 0022-0426; 1945-1369
• DOI: 10.1177/002204260303300108

The widely held notion that sports participation reduces subsequent risk of substance use is evaluated with longitudinal data of a representative sample of youth when they were in their preteen and young adult years. Unlike previous inquiries into the deterrence hypothesis, the present study controls for other major factors previously found to be predictive of alcohol and drug use. Results of analyses revealed that contrary to the deterrence hypothesis, playing high school sports does not appear to be a protective factor that lowers one's involvement in young adult alcohol or drug use – with one exception. Subgroup analyses revealed that among blacks, the greater the extent of high school sports participation the less the risk of substance use. In direct contradiction to the deterrence hypothesis, playing high school sports was found to be positively associated with alcohol use for whites, even in the context of other major predictors of alcohol use. Further analyses revealed that the positive association between sports participation and alcohol use appeared to exist only for white males. The implications of these results are discussed.