Caudal vena cava point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease without clinically important right heart disease
Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC va...
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Published in: | Journal of veterinary cardiology Vol. 41; pp. 18 - 29 |
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Abstract | Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease.
This retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVCD were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVCD-max/Ao and CVCD-min/Ao); CVCCI was calculated as (CVCD-max-CVCD-min)/CVCD-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables.
Subjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVCD-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVCD-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVCCI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010).
In dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. |
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AbstractList | OBJECTIVES: Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease.
ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVCD were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVCD-max/Ao and CVCD-min/Ao); CVCCI was calculated as (CVCD-max-CVCD-min)/CVCD-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables.
RESULTS: Subjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVCD-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVCD-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVCCI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS: In dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. OBJECTIVESCaudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODSThis retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVCD were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVCD-max/Ao and CVCD-min/Ao); CVCCI was calculated as (CVCD-max-CVCD-min)/CVCD-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables. RESULTSSubjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVCD-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVCD-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVCCI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONSIn dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVC and CVC ) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease. This retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVC were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVC and CVC ); CVC was calculated as (CVC -CVC )/CVC . Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables. Subjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVC was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVC was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVC was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010). In dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with progressive degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) lead to hypervolemia. We hypothesised that stages of DMVD will affect ultrasonographic CVC variables in dogs without clinically important right heart disease. This retrospective study included 79 dogs with DMVD presented to the cardiology department between January 2017 and 2019. Subxiphoid views were used to obtain CVC cineloops. By visual inspection, CVC was subjectively scored as flat, normal or fat. Maximal and minimal CVCD were measured and indexed to aortic diameter (CVCD-max/Ao and CVCD-min/Ao); CVCCI was calculated as (CVCD-max-CVCD-min)/CVCD-max. Fisher's exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare CVC variables. Subjective assessment was associated with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (P < 0.001). The proportion of fat CVC was greater in stages C and D. In stage D, CVCD-max/Ao was larger compared with stages B1, B2 and C (P = 0.002, P = 0.002 and P = 0.035, respectively). In stages C and D, CVCD-min/Ao was larger compared with B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001) and B2 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001. In stages C and D, CVCCI was less than stage B1 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.044) and B2 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.010). In dogs with DMVD without clinically important right heart disease, CVC variables differ across ACVIM stage. Subjective and objective CVC variables may be used to predict hypervolemia. |
Author | Fernandes Rodrigues, N. Farnir, F. Kennedy, C. Merveille, A.-C. Giraud, L. Gommeren, K. Lekane, M. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: L. surname: Giraud fullname: Giraud, L. email: giraud.lena@gmail.com organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium – sequence: 2 givenname: N. orcidid: 0000-0003-0437-0909 surname: Fernandes Rodrigues fullname: Fernandes Rodrigues, N. organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Lekane fullname: Lekane, M. organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium – sequence: 4 givenname: F. surname: Farnir fullname: Farnir, F. organization: Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium – sequence: 5 givenname: C. orcidid: 0000-0002-0494-5947 surname: Kennedy fullname: Kennedy, C. organization: Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Canada West Veterinary Specialists, 1988 Kootenay Street, Vancouver, B.C. V5M 4Y3, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: K. surname: Gommeren fullname: Gommeren, K. organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium – sequence: 7 givenname: A.-C. surname: Merveille fullname: Merveille, A.-C. organization: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium |
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Snippet | Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with... Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVC and CVC ) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations with... OBJECTIVESCaudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS). Maladaptations... OBJECTIVES: Caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CVCD and CVCCI) have been used to assess intravascular volume status (IVS).... |
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SubjectTerms | caval size Compensation General Veterinary Life sciences Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale Physiology Sciences du vivant Veterinary (all) Veterinary medicine & animal health volume status |
Title | Caudal vena cava point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease without clinically important right heart disease |
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