Prevalence of SGHV among tsetse species of economic importance in Tanzania and their implication for SIT application

• Published in: Journal of invertebrate pathology Vol. 112; pp. S133 - S137
• Main Authors: Malele, Imna I., Manangwa, Oliver, Nyingilili, Hamisi H., Kitwika, Winston A., Lyaruu, Eugene A., Msangi, Atway R., Ouma, Johnson O., Nkwangulila, Gamba, Abd-Alla, Adly M.M.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01-03-2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; coasts; DNA Viruses; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glossina; Glossina fuscipes fuscipes; Glossina morsitans; Glossina pallidipes; Human protozoal diseases; hypertrophy; In vitro feeding; Infectious diseases; Insect Viruses; Mass rearing; Medical sciences; Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control; Microbiology; Parasitic diseases; Pest Control, Biological - economics; Pest Control, Biological - methods; planning; polymerase chain reaction; Prevalence; Protozoal diseases; Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains; Salivary gland hyperplasia virus; salivary glands; seeds; Sterile insect technique; Tanzania; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse; Tsetse Flies - virology; Vectors. Intermediate hosts; Virology; viruses; Tanzania; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; ISW, Tanzania; Mass rearing; In vitro feeding; Sterile insect technique; Tanzania; Glossina; Tsetse; Salivary gland hyperplasia virus; Protozoal disease; Prevalence; Insecta; Tropical zone; Hyperplasia; Sterile animal release; Glossinidae; Trypanosomiasis; Vector; Parasite; Economic importance; Salivary gland; Parasitosis; African sickness; In vitro; Feeding; Infection; Virus; Arthropoda; Ectoparasite; Invertebrata; Diptera
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.018
• EISSN: 1096-0805
• ISSN: 0022-2011

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► Prevalence of GpSGHV is magnified in the lab due to the use of membrane feeding. ► In Tanzania a four-year survey showed virus prevalence in 4species of Glossina. ► Efforts should be expended to use non-infected flies when initiating lab colonies.
Sterile Insect technique is an important component in area-wide integrated tsetse control. The presence of the salivary glands hypertrophy virus (SGHV) in the wild tsetse, which are the seeds for colony adaptations in the laboratory has become a stumbling block in establishing and maintaining colonies in the laboratory. The virus is transmitted both vertically (in the wild) and horizontally (in the laboratory). However, its prevalence is magnified in the laboratory as a result of the use of in vitro membrane feeding regimen. Fly species of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, G. pallidipes, G. morsitans and G. swynnertoni were collected from the coastal and inland areas of Tanzania and virus infection rates were assessed microscopically and by PCR. The data showed that in a period of 4years, the virus was present in all species tested irrespective of their ages, sex, and season of the year. However, infection levels differed among species and from one location to another. Symptomatic infection determined by dissection was 1.2% (25/2164) from the coast as compared to 0.4% (6/1725) for inland collected flies. PCR analysis indicated a higher infection rate of 19.81% (104/525) of asymptomatic flies. From these observations, we conclude that care should be taken when planning to initiate tsetse laboratory colonies for use in SIT eradication program. All efforts should be made to select non-infected flies when initiating laboratory colonies and to try to minimize the infection with SGHV. Also management of SGHV infection in the established colony should be applied.