Frequency and Diversity of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

(1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for th...

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Published in:	Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 693
Main Authors:	Nascimento, Júllia A S, Santos, Fernanda F, Valiatti, Tiago B, Santos-Neto, José F, M Santos, Ana Carolina, Cayô, Rodrigo, Gales, Ana C, A T Gomes, Tânia
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 27-03-2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Antiinfectives and antibacterials Biofilms Cephalosporins E coli Escherichia coli Frequency analysis Genes Immunocompetence Laboratories Meningitis Pathogenicity Pathogens Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Sepsis Urinary tract Urinary tract diseases Urinary tract infections Urogenital system Virulence Brazil United States > US antimicrobial resistance DEC virulence markers UPEC hybrid strains urinary tract infection
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Abstract	(1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for the DEC virulence diagnostic genes' presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those carrying at least one gene were classified as hybrid and further tested for 10 UPEC and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) virulence genes and phylogenetic classification. Also, their ability to produce hemolysis, adhere to HeLa and renal HEK 293T cells, form a biofilm, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. (3) Results: Nine (2%) hybrid strains were detected; seven of them carried and two, , and were classified as UPEC/EAEC (enteroaggregative ) and UPEC/aEPEC (atypical enteropathogenic ), respectively. They belonged to phylogroups A (five strains), B1 (three), and D (one), and adhered to both cell lineages tested. Only the UPEC/EAEC strains were hemolytic (five strains) and produced biofilm. One UPEC/aEPEC strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carried . (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the occurrence and pathogenicity of hybrid UPEC strains, which may cause more severe infections.
AbstractList	(1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for the DEC virulence diagnostic genes’ presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those carrying at least one gene were classified as hybrid and further tested for 10 UPEC and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes and phylogenetic classification. Also, their ability to produce hemolysis, adhere to HeLa and renal HEK 293T cells, form a biofilm, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. (3) Results: Nine (2%) hybrid strains were detected; seven of them carried aggR and two, eae, and were classified as UPEC/EAEC (enteroaggregative E. coli) and UPEC/aEPEC (atypical enteropathogenic E. coli), respectively. They belonged to phylogroups A (five strains), B1 (three), and D (one), and adhered to both cell lineages tested. Only the UPEC/EAEC strains were hemolytic (five strains) and produced biofilm. One UPEC/aEPEC strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carried blaCTX-M-15. (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the occurrence and pathogenicity of hybrid UPEC strains, which may cause more severe infections. (1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for the DEC virulence diagnostic genes’ presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those carrying at least one gene were classified as hybrid and further tested for 10 UPEC and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes and phylogenetic classification. Also, their ability to produce hemolysis, adhere to HeLa and renal HEK 293T cells, form a biofilm, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. (3) Results: Nine (2%) hybrid strains were detected; seven of them carried aggR and two, eae , and were classified as UPEC/EAEC (enteroaggregative E. coli ) and UPEC/aEPEC (atypical enteropathogenic E. coli ), respectively. They belonged to phylogroups A (five strains), B1 (three), and D (one), and adhered to both cell lineages tested. Only the UPEC/EAEC strains were hemolytic (five strains) and produced biofilm. One UPEC/aEPEC strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carried bla CTX-M-15 . (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the occurrence and pathogenicity of hybrid UPEC strains, which may cause more severe infections. (1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence potential. This study analyzed the frequency and virulence potential of hybrid strains among 452 UPEC strains. (2) Methods: Strains were tested for the DEC virulence diagnostic genes' presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those carrying at least one gene were classified as hybrid and further tested for 10 UPEC and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) virulence genes and phylogenetic classification. Also, their ability to produce hemolysis, adhere to HeLa and renal HEK 293T cells, form a biofilm, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. (3) Results: Nine (2%) hybrid strains were detected; seven of them carried and two, , and were classified as UPEC/EAEC (enteroaggregative ) and UPEC/aEPEC (atypical enteropathogenic ), respectively. They belonged to phylogroups A (five strains), B1 (three), and D (one), and adhered to both cell lineages tested. Only the UPEC/EAEC strains were hemolytic (five strains) and produced biofilm. One UPEC/aEPEC strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carried . (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the occurrence and pathogenicity of hybrid UPEC strains, which may cause more severe infections.
Author	Gales, Ana C A T Gomes, Tânia Nascimento, Júllia A S Cayô, Rodrigo Santos, Fernanda F Santos-Neto, José F Valiatti, Tiago B M Santos, Ana Carolina
AuthorAffiliation	1 Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; jullia.nascimento@unifesp.br (J.A.S.N.); ff.santos@unifesp.br (F.F.S.); tiago.valiatti@unifesp.br (T.B.V.); jfs.neto@unifesp.br (J.F.S.-N.); carolina.mello@unifesp.br (A.C.M.S.) 2 Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; rodrigo.silva@unifesp.br (R.C.); ana.gales@unifesp.br (A.C.G.) 3 Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil – name: 2 Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; rodrigo.silva@unifesp.br (R.C.); ana.gales@unifesp.br (A.C.G.) – name: 1 Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; jullia.nascimento@unifesp.br (J.A.S.N.); ff.santos@unifesp.br (F.F.S.); tiago.valiatti@unifesp.br (T.B.V.); jfs.neto@unifesp.br (J.F.S.-N.); carolina.mello@unifesp.br (A.C.M.S.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Júllia A S orcidid: 0000-0002-7054-0817 surname: Nascimento fullname: Nascimento, Júllia A S organization: Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Fernanda F surname: Santos fullname: Santos, Fernanda F organization: Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Tiago B orcidid: 0000-0002-3956-1599 surname: Valiatti fullname: Valiatti, Tiago B organization: Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: José F orcidid: 0000-0002-6407-5947 surname: Santos-Neto fullname: Santos-Neto, José F organization: Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Ana Carolina orcidid: 0000-0003-0833-4585 surname: M Santos fullname: M Santos, Ana Carolina organization: Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Rodrigo surname: Cayô fullname: Cayô, Rodrigo organization: Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09972-270, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Ana C orcidid: 0000-0003-0913-768X surname: Gales fullname: Gales, Ana C organization: Laboratório Alerta, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: Tânia orcidid: 0000-0002-4525-8705 surname: A T Gomes fullname: A T Gomes, Tânia organization: Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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Keywords	antimicrobial resistance DEC virulence markers UPEC hybrid strains urinary tract infection
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Snippet	(1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase their virulence... (1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase... (1) Background: Hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains carry virulence markers of the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, which may increase...
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SubjectTerms	Antiinfectives and antibacterials Biofilms Cephalosporins E coli Escherichia coli Frequency analysis Genes Immunocompetence Laboratories Meningitis Pathogenicity Pathogens Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Sepsis Urinary tract Urinary tract diseases Urinary tract infections Urogenital system Virulence
Title	Frequency and Diversity of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections
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