Sunflower Residue Incorporation Suppresses Weeds, Enhances Soil Properties and Seed Yield of Spring-Planted Mung Bean

Continuous and excessive use of herbicides to control various weed biotypes is posing severe threats to soil and human health. Nevertheless, the strategy of using allelopathic crop residues and water extracts for weed control seems to be a sustainable and friendly option to reduce dependence on synt...

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Published in:Planta daninha Vol. 36
Main Authors: ULLAH, R., ASLAM, Z., KHALIQ, A., ZAHIR, Z.A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas 01-01-2018
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Abstract Continuous and excessive use of herbicides to control various weed biotypes is posing severe threats to soil and human health. Nevertheless, the strategy of using allelopathic crop residues and water extracts for weed control seems to be a sustainable and friendly option to reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides. In addition to controlling weeds, residues of allelopathic crops positively affected soil health. A two-year field study was carried out to examine the impact of sunflower residues on soil properties, weed dynamics and productivity of mung bean. The study was comprised of five treatments viz., control, sunflower water extracts at 10 and 20 L ha-1, and sunflower residues incorporation at 4 and 6 ton ha-1. Results indicated that application of sunflower water extracts reduced weed density by 5-26% and weed dry weight by 9-31%, while sunflower residue incorporation caused 44-57% reduction in weed density and 58-70% reduction in weed dry weight compared with the control. At mung bean harvest, total nitrogen and organic matter in soil were increased by 86% and 74%, respectively, with the incorporation of sunflower residues at 6 ton ha-1 as compared with the control. In case of soil enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were recorded at 186 mg NP g-1 soil h-1 and 38 mg TPF g-1 soil h-1, respectively, when sunflower residue was incorporated at 6 ton ha-1. In conclusion, sunflower residue incorporation at 6 ton ha-1 improved soil health, suppressed weeds and resulted in better seed yield (36%) and profitability (339 $ ha-1) of spring-planted mung bean. RESUMO: O uso contínuo e excessivo de herbicidas para controle de vários biótipos de plantas daninhas tem causado graves ameaças ao solo e à saúde humana. No entanto, a estratégia de utilizar resíduos culturais e extratos aquosos de efeito alelopático para o controle de plantas daninhas parece ser uma opção sustentável e benéfica para reduzir a dependência do uso de herbicidas sintéticos. Além de controlar plantas daninhas, os resíduos culturais de efeito alelopático exerceram efeito positivo na saúde do solo. Um estudo de campo com duração de dois anos foi realizado para examinar o impacto dos resíduos de girassol nas propriedades do solo, na dinâmica das plantas daninhas e na produtividade do feijão-mungo. O estudo foi composto por cinco tratamentos: controle, extratos aquosos de girassol a 10 e 20 L ha-1 e incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 4 e 6 t ha-1. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de extratos de água de girassol reduziu a densidade de plantas daninhas em 5-26% e o peso seco delas em 9-31%, enquanto a incorporação de resíduos de girassol causou redução de 44-57% na densidade de plantas daninhas e redução de 58-70% no peso seco dessas plantas, em comparação com o controle. Na colheita de feijão-mungo, o nitrogênio e a matéria orgânica totais no solo aumentaram 86% e 74%, respectivamente, com a incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 6 t ha-1, em relação ao controle. No caso de enzimas do solo, a fosfatase alcalina e a desidrogenase foram registradas a 186 mg NP g-1 solo h-1 e 38 mg TPF g-1 solo h-1, respectivamente, quando o resíduo de girassol foi incorporado a 6 ton ha-1. Em conclusão, a incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 6 t ha-1 causou a melhoria da saúde do solo e a supressão das plantas daninhas, e obteve melhor rendimento de sementes (36%) e rentabilidade ($ 339 ha-1) de feijão-mungo plantado na primavera.
AbstractList Continuous and excessive use of herbicides to control various weed biotypes is posing severe threats to soil and human health. Nevertheless, the strategy of using allelopathic crop residues and water extracts for weed control seems to be a sustainable and friendly option to reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides. In addition to controlling weeds, residues of allelopathic crops positively affected soil health. A two-year field study was carried out to examine the impact of sunflower residues on soil properties, weed dynamics and productivity of mung bean. The study was comprised of five treatments viz., control, sunflower water extracts at 10 and 20 L ha-1, and sunflower residues incorporation at 4 and 6 ton ha-1. Results indicated that application of sunflower water extracts reduced weed density by 5-26% and weed dry weight by 9-31%, while sunflower residue incorporation caused 44-57% reduction in weed density and 58-70% reduction in weed dry weight compared with the control. At mung bean harvest, total nitrogen and organic matter in soil were increased by 86% and 74%, respectively, with the incorporation of sunflower residues at 6 ton ha-1 as compared with the control. In case of soil enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were recorded at 186 mg NP g-1 soil h-1 and 38 mg TPF g-1 soil h-1, respectively, when sunflower residue was incorporated at 6 ton ha-1. In conclusion, sunflower residue incorporation at 6 ton ha-1 improved soil health, suppressed weeds and resulted in better seed yield (36%) and profitability (339 $ ha-1) of spring-planted mung bean.
Continuous and excessive use of herbicides to control various weed biotypes is posing severe threats to soil and human health. Nevertheless, the strategy of using allelopathic crop residues and water extracts for weed control seems to be a sustainable and friendly option to reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides. In addition to controlling weeds, residues of allelopathic crops positively affected soil health. A two-year field study was carried out to examine the impact of sunflower residues on soil properties, weed dynamics and productivity of mung bean. The study was comprised of five treatments viz., control, sunflower water extracts at 10 and 20 L ha-1, and sunflower residues incorporation at 4 and 6 ton ha-1. Results indicated that application of sunflower water extracts reduced weed density by 5-26% and weed dry weight by 9-31%, while sunflower residue incorporation caused 44-57% reduction in weed density and 58-70% reduction in weed dry weight compared with the control. At mung bean harvest, total nitrogen and organic matter in soil were increased by 86% and 74%, respectively, with the incorporation of sunflower residues at 6 ton ha-1 as compared with the control. In case of soil enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were recorded at 186 mg NP g-1 soil h-1 and 38 mg TPF g-1 soil h-1, respectively, when sunflower residue was incorporated at 6 ton ha-1. In conclusion, sunflower residue incorporation at 6 ton ha-1 improved soil health, suppressed weeds and resulted in better seed yield (36%) and profitability (339 $ ha-1) of spring-planted mung bean. RESUMO: O uso contínuo e excessivo de herbicidas para controle de vários biótipos de plantas daninhas tem causado graves ameaças ao solo e à saúde humana. No entanto, a estratégia de utilizar resíduos culturais e extratos aquosos de efeito alelopático para o controle de plantas daninhas parece ser uma opção sustentável e benéfica para reduzir a dependência do uso de herbicidas sintéticos. Além de controlar plantas daninhas, os resíduos culturais de efeito alelopático exerceram efeito positivo na saúde do solo. Um estudo de campo com duração de dois anos foi realizado para examinar o impacto dos resíduos de girassol nas propriedades do solo, na dinâmica das plantas daninhas e na produtividade do feijão-mungo. O estudo foi composto por cinco tratamentos: controle, extratos aquosos de girassol a 10 e 20 L ha-1 e incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 4 e 6 t ha-1. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de extratos de água de girassol reduziu a densidade de plantas daninhas em 5-26% e o peso seco delas em 9-31%, enquanto a incorporação de resíduos de girassol causou redução de 44-57% na densidade de plantas daninhas e redução de 58-70% no peso seco dessas plantas, em comparação com o controle. Na colheita de feijão-mungo, o nitrogênio e a matéria orgânica totais no solo aumentaram 86% e 74%, respectivamente, com a incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 6 t ha-1, em relação ao controle. No caso de enzimas do solo, a fosfatase alcalina e a desidrogenase foram registradas a 186 mg NP g-1 solo h-1 e 38 mg TPF g-1 solo h-1, respectivamente, quando o resíduo de girassol foi incorporado a 6 ton ha-1. Em conclusão, a incorporação de resíduos de girassol a 6 t ha-1 causou a melhoria da saúde do solo e a supressão das plantas daninhas, e obteve melhor rendimento de sementes (36%) e rentabilidade ($ 339 ha-1) de feijão-mungo plantado na primavera.
Author ASLAM, Z.
KHALIQ, A.
ULLAH, R.
ZAHIR, Z.A.
AuthorAffiliation University of Agriculture
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  fullname: ASLAM, Z.
  organization: Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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  surname: KHALIQ
  fullname: KHALIQ, A.
  organization: Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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  givenname: Z.A.
  surname: ZAHIR
  fullname: ZAHIR, Z.A.
  organization: University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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DocumentTitleAlternate A incorporação de resíduos de girassol suprime plantas daninhas, melhora as propriedades do solo e o rendimento de sementes do girassol plantado na primavera
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Keywords allelopathy
alelopatia
resíduos culturais
soil enzymes
crop residues
fertilidade do solo
soil fertility
enzimas do solo
Language English
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Snippet Continuous and excessive use of herbicides to control various weed biotypes is posing severe threats to soil and human health. Nevertheless, the strategy of...
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SubjectTerms allelopathy
crop residues
PLANT SCIENCES
soil enzymes
soil fertility
Title Sunflower Residue Incorporation Suppresses Weeds, Enhances Soil Properties and Seed Yield of Spring-Planted Mung Bean
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