Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed extract protects against renal injury in diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of inflammation and oxidative stress

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 817 - 832
• Main Authors: da Silva Cristino Cordeiro, Viviane, de Bem, Graziele Freitas, da Costa, Cristiane Aguiar, Santos, Izabelle Barcellos, de Carvalho, Lenize Costa Reis Marins, Ognibene, Dayane Teixeira, da Rocha, Ana Paula Machado, de Carvalho, Jorge José, de Moura, Roberto Soares, Resende, Angela Castro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use; Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Antihypertensives; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Apoptosis; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomarkers - urine; Caspase-3; Catalase; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Collagen (type IV); Creatinine; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - immunology; Diabetic Nephropathies - complications; Diabetic Nephropathies - metabolism; Diabetic Nephropathies - pathology; Diabetic Nephropathies - prevention & control; Diabetic nephropathy; Dietary Supplements; Euterpe - chemistry; Euterpe oleracea; Excretion; Fibrosis; Filtration; Glomerular Filtration Barrier - immunology; Glomerular Filtration Barrier - metabolism; Glomerular Filtration Barrier - pathology; Glomerular Filtration Barrier - physiopathology; Hypertension; Hypertension - complications; Hypertension - diet therapy; Hypertension - immunology; Hypertension - physiopathology; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Interleukin 6; Kidney - immunology; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Kidney - physiopathology; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Nephropathy; Nutrition; Original Contribution; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Rats, Inbred SHR; Renal function; Renal Insufficiency - complications; Renal Insufficiency - etiology; Renal Insufficiency - metabolism; Renal Insufficiency - prevention & control; Rodents; Seeds - chemistry; Serum levels; Streptozocin; Transforming growth factor-b1; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Urea; Hypertension; Oxidative stress; Mart; Inflammation; Nephropathy; Diabetes; Euterpe oleracea Mart
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1371-1

Purpose
Euterpe oleracea
Mart. (açaí) seed extract (ASE), through its anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may be useful to treat or prevent human diseases. Several evidences suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ASE (200 mg/kg
−1
day
−1
) prevents diabetes and hypertension-related oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuating renal injury.
Methods
Male rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (D), and spontaneously hypertensive rats with STZ-induced diabetes (DH) were treated daily with tap water or ASE (D + ASE and DH + ASE, respectively) for 45 days. The control (C) and hypertensive (H) animals received water.
Results
The elevated serum levels of urea and creatinine in D and DH, and increased albumin excretion in HD were reduced by ASE. Total glomeruli number in D and DH, were increased by ASE that also reduced renal fibrosis in both groups by decreasing collagen IV and TGF-
β
1 expression. ASE improved biomarkers of renal filtration barrier (podocin and nephrin) in D and DH groups and prevented the increased expression of caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in both groups. ASE reduced oxidative damage markers (TBARS, carbonyl levels and 8-isoprostane) in D and DH associated with a decrease in Nox 4 and p47 subunit expression and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in both groups (SOD, catalase and GPx).
Conclusion
ASE substantially reduced renal injury and prevented renal dysfunction by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and improving the renal filtration barrier, providing a nutritional resource for prevention of diabetic and hypertensive-related nephropathy.