D-Galactose as an autoinducer 2 inhibitor to control the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens

• Published in: The journal of microbiology Vol. 54; no. 9; pp. 632 - 637
• Main Authors: Ryu, Eun-Ju, Sim, Jaehyun, Sim, Jun, Lee, Julian, Choi, Bong-Kyu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul The Microbiological Society of Korea 01-09-2016; Springer Nature B.V; 한국미생물학회
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Bacteroides forsythus; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Bioluminescence; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics; Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism; E coli; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Fusobacterium nucleatum - drug effects; Fusobacterium nucleatum - genetics; Fusobacterium nucleatum - metabolism; Galactose - metabolism; Galactose - pharmacology; Gram-positive bacteria; Gum disease; Homoserine - analogs & derivatives; Homoserine - antagonists & inhibitors; Homoserine - metabolism; Humans; Lactones - antagonists & inhibitors; Lactones - metabolism; Life Sciences; Microbiology; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins - genetics; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins - metabolism; Periodontitis - microbiology; Periplasmic Binding Proteins - genetics; Periplasmic Binding Proteins - metabolism; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis - drug effects; Porphyromonas gingivalis - physiology; Proteins; Vibrio - drug effects; Vibrio - physiology; Vibrio harveyi; Virulence; 생물학; South Korea; AI-2 inhibitor; quorum sensing; D-galactose; periodontopathogens; biofilm
• ISSN: 1225-8873; 1976-3794
• DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6345-8

Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is a quorum sensing molecule to which bacteria respond to regulate various phenotypes, including virulence and biofilm formation. AI-2 plays an important role in the formation of a subgingival biofilm composed mostly of Gram-negative anaerobes, by which periodontitis is initiated. The aim of this study was to evaluate D-galactose as an inhibitor of AI-2 activity and thus of the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens. In a search for an AI-2 receptor of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
, D-galactose binding protein (Gbp, Gene ID FN1165) showed high sequence similarity with the ribose binding protein (RbsB), a known AI-2 receptor of
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
. D-Galactose was evaluated for its inhibitory effect on the AI-2 activity of
Vibrio harveyi
BB152 and
F. nucleatum
, the major coaggregation bridge organism, which connects early colonizing commensals and late pathogenic colonizers in dental biofilms. The inhibitory effect of D-galactose on the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens was assessed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy in the absence or presence of AI-2 and secreted molecules of
F. nucleatum
. D-Galactose significantly inhibited the AI-2 activity of
V. harveyi
and
F. nucleatum
. In addition, D-galactose markedly inhibited the biofilm formation of
F. nucleatum
,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, and
Tannerella forsythia
induced by the AI-2 of
F. nucleatum
without affecting bacterial growth. Our results demonstrate that the Gbp may function as an AI-2 receptor and that galactose may be used for prevention of the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens by targeting AI-2 activity.