Platinum–rhodium–tin/carbon electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in acid media: effect of the precursor addition order and the amount of tin
Carbon-supported Pt x –Rh y –Sn z catalysts ( x : y : z = 3:1:4, 6:2:4, 9:3:4) are prepared by Pt, Rh, and Sn precursors reduction in different addition order. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and...
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| Published in: | Journal of applied electrochemistry Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 1057 - 1068 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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01-10-2015
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| Abstract | Carbon-supported Pt
x
–Rh
y
–Sn
z
catalysts (
x
:
y
:
z
= 3:1:4, 6:2:4, 9:3:4) are prepared by Pt, Rh, and Sn precursors reduction in different addition order. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and are evaluated for the electrooxidation of ethanol in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and anode potentiostatic polarization. The influence of both the order in which the precursors are added and the composition of metals in the catalysts on the electrocatalytic activity and physico-chemical characteristics of Pt
x
–Rh
y
–Sn
z
/C catalysts is evaluated. Oxidized Rh species prevail on the surface of catalysts synthesized by simultaneous co-precipitation, thus demonstrating the influence of synthesis method on the oxidation state of catalysts. Furthermore, high amounts of Sn in composites synthesized by co-precipitation result in very active catalysts at low potentials (bifunctional effect), while medium Sn load is needed for sequentially deposited catalysts when the electronic effect is most important (high potentials), since more exposed Pt and Rh sites are needed on the catalyst surface to alcohol oxidation. The Pt
3
–Rh
1
–Sn
4
/C catalyst prepared by co-precipitation is the most active at potentials lower than 0.55 V (related to bifunctional effect), while the Pt
6
–Rh
2
–Sn
4
/C catalyst, prepared by sequential precipitation (first Rh and, after drying, Pt + Sn), is the most active above 0.55 V. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Carbon-supported Pt
x
–Rh
y
–Sn
z
catalysts (
x
:
y
:
z
= 3:1:4, 6:2:4, 9:3:4) are prepared by Pt, Rh, and Sn precursors reduction in different addition order. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and are evaluated for the electrooxidation of ethanol in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and anode potentiostatic polarization. The influence of both the order in which the precursors are added and the composition of metals in the catalysts on the electrocatalytic activity and physico-chemical characteristics of Pt
x
–Rh
y
–Sn
z
/C catalysts is evaluated. Oxidized Rh species prevail on the surface of catalysts synthesized by simultaneous co-precipitation, thus demonstrating the influence of synthesis method on the oxidation state of catalysts. Furthermore, high amounts of Sn in composites synthesized by co-precipitation result in very active catalysts at low potentials (bifunctional effect), while medium Sn load is needed for sequentially deposited catalysts when the electronic effect is most important (high potentials), since more exposed Pt and Rh sites are needed on the catalyst surface to alcohol oxidation. The Pt
3
–Rh
1
–Sn
4
/C catalyst prepared by co-precipitation is the most active at potentials lower than 0.55 V (related to bifunctional effect), while the Pt
6
–Rh
2
–Sn
4
/C catalyst, prepared by sequential precipitation (first Rh and, after drying, Pt + Sn), is the most active above 0.55 V. |
| Author | López-Suárez, F. E. Bueno-López, A. Perez-Cadenas, M. Salazar-Banda, G. R. Carvalho-Filho, C. T. Eguiluz, K. I. B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: F. E. surname: López-Suárez fullname: López-Suárez, F. E. email: franzedwin@gmail.com organization: Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute/Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Perez-Cadenas fullname: Perez-Cadenas, M. organization: Department of Inorganic and Technical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNED – sequence: 3 givenname: A. surname: Bueno-López fullname: Bueno-López, A. organization: MCMA Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante – sequence: 4 givenname: C. T. surname: Carvalho-Filho fullname: Carvalho-Filho, C. T. organization: Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute/Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes – sequence: 5 givenname: K. I. B. surname: Eguiluz fullname: Eguiluz, K. I. B. organization: Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute/Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes – sequence: 6 givenname: G. R. surname: Salazar-Banda fullname: Salazar-Banda, G. R. organization: Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute/Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_partic_2021_01_007 crossref_primary_10_21926_cr_2401003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10562_019_02839_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2018_01_058 crossref_primary_10_1149_2_1811713jes crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apcatb_2016_04_046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2017_11_014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41061_019_0236_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_electacta_2019_04_028 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_201801326 crossref_primary_10_1039_C9TA10941B |
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| Keywords | Bifunctional effect Nanoparticles Electrocatalysis Electrocatalysts composition Fuel cell |
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| Title | Platinum–rhodium–tin/carbon electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in acid media: effect of the precursor addition order and the amount of tin |
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