Impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota: a metagenomic comparative analysis

• Published in: Surgery for obesity and related diseases Vol. 16; no. 7; pp. 852 - 862
• Main Authors: Farin, William, Oñate, Florian Plaza, Plassais, Jonathan, Bonny, Christophe, Beglinger, Christoph, Woelnerhanssen, Bettina, Nocca, David, Magoules, Frederic, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Pons, Nicolas, Cervino, Alessandra C.L., Ehrlich, S. Dusko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-07-2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Bariatric surgery; Ecology, environment; France; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Health; Humans; Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Laparoscopy; Life Sciences; Metagenomics; Microbiome; Obesity, Morbid - surgery; Sleeve gastrectomy; Switzerland; France; Switzerland; Metagenomics; Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Bariatric surgery; Sleeve gastrectomy; Microbiome
• ISSN: 1550-7289; 1878-7533
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.03.014

Bariatric surgery is an effective therapeutic procedure for morbidly obese patients. The 2 most common interventions are sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).
The aim of this study was to compare microbiome long-term microbiome after SG and LRYGB surgery in obese patients.
University Hospital, France; University Hospital, United States; and University Hospital, Switzerland.
Eighty-nine and 108 patients who underwent SG and LRYGB, respectively, were recruited. Stools were collected before and 6 months after surgery. Microbial DNA was analyzed with shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SOLiD 5500 xl Wildfire). MSPminer, a novel innovative tool to characterize new in silico biological entities, was used to identify 715 Metagenomic Species Pan-genome. One hundred forty-eight functional modules were analyzed using GOmixer and KEGG database.
Both interventions resulted in a similar increase of Shannon’s diversity index and gene richness of gut microbiota, in parallel with weight loss, but the changes of microbial composition were different. LRYGB led to higher relative abundance of aero-tolerant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and buccal species, such as Streptococcus and Veillonella spp. In contrast, anaerobes, such as Clostridium, were more abundant after SG, suggesting better conservation of anaerobic conditions in the gut. Enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila was also observed after both surgeries. Function-level changes included higher potential for bacterial use of supplements, such as vitamin B12, B1, and iron upon LRYGB.
Microbiota changes after bariatric surgery depend on the nature of the intervention. LRYGB induces greater taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota than SG. Possible long-term health consequences of these alterations remain to be established.