Evolution of HCL concentrations in the lower stratosphere from 1991 to 1996 following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) has evolved upwards from HCl/Cly = 40% in late 1991 to 70% in 1996. This fraction is generally anticorrelated with aerosol surface area concentration,...
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| Published in: | Geophysical research letters Vol. 25; no. 7; pp. 995 - 998 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01-04-1998
American Geophysical Union |
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| Abstract | In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) has evolved upwards from HCl/Cly = 40% in late 1991 to 70% in 1996. This fraction is generally anticorrelated with aerosol surface area concentration, which has been diminishing since the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Calculations incorporating new laboratory results of faster heterogeneous chemistry show that air parcels with high aerosol loading exposed to temperatures below 205 K can experience enough chlorine activation to drive the HCl/Cly below 50%, but overestimate observed ClO/Cly. |
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| AbstractList | In situ
measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cl
y
) has evolved upwards from HCl/Cl
y
= 40% in late 1991 to 70% in 1996. This fraction is generally anticorrelated with aerosol surface area concentration, which has been diminishing since the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Calculations incorporating new laboratory results of faster heterogeneous chemistry show that air parcels with high aerosol loading exposed to temperatures below 205 K can experience enough chlorine activation to drive the HCl/Cl
y
below 50%, but overestimate observed ClO/Cl
y
. In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) has evolved upwards from HCl/Cly = 40% in late 1991 to 70% in 1996. This fraction is generally anticorrelated with aerosol surface area concentration, which has been diminishing since the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Calculations incorporating new laboratory results of faster heterogeneous chemistry show that air parcels with high aerosol loading exposed to temperatures below 205 K can experience enough chlorine activation to drive the HCl/Cly below 50%, but overestimate observed ClO/Cly. |
| Author | Proffitt, M. H. Scott, D. C. Brock, C. A. Jonsson, H. H. Hu, H. Dye, J. E. Loewenstein, M. Flesch, G. J. May, R. D. Stimpfle, R. M. Herman, R. L. Webster, C. R. Michelsen, H. A. Jaeglé, L. Wilson, J. C. Baumgardner, D. Koplow, J. P. Margitan, J. J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: C. R. surname: Webster fullname: Webster, C. R. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 2 givenname: R. D. surname: May fullname: May, R. D. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 3 givenname: H. A. surname: Michelsen fullname: Michelsen, H. A. organization: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 – sequence: 4 givenname: D. C. surname: Scott fullname: Scott, D. C. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 5 givenname: J. C. surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, J. C. organization: Department of Engineering, Univ. of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 – sequence: 6 givenname: H. H. surname: Jonsson fullname: Jonsson, H. H. organization: Department of Engineering, Univ. of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 – sequence: 7 givenname: C. A. surname: Brock fullname: Brock, C. A. organization: Department of Engineering, Univ. of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 – sequence: 8 givenname: J. E. surname: Dye fullname: Dye, J. E. organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 – sequence: 9 givenname: D. surname: Baumgardner fullname: Baumgardner, D. organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 – sequence: 10 givenname: R. M. surname: Stimpfle fullname: Stimpfle, R. M. organization: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 – sequence: 11 givenname: J. P. surname: Koplow fullname: Koplow, J. P. organization: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 – sequence: 12 givenname: J. J. surname: Margitan fullname: Margitan, J. J. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 13 givenname: M. H. surname: Proffitt fullname: Proffitt, M. H. organization: Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80303 – sequence: 14 givenname: L. surname: Jaeglé fullname: Jaeglé, L. organization: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 – sequence: 15 givenname: R. L. surname: Herman fullname: Herman, R. L. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 16 givenname: H. surname: Hu fullname: Hu, H. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 17 givenname: G. J. surname: Flesch fullname: Flesch, G. J. organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 – sequence: 18 givenname: M. surname: Loewenstein fullname: Loewenstein, M. organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1364/AO.32.005324 10.1029/96GL00787 10.1029/JD094iD04p05029 10.1038/363245a0 10.1126/science.261.5125.1134 10.1029/95GL01593 10.1029/97GL01470 10.1029/JC088iC11p06781 10.1126/science.261.5125.1130 10.1029/93GL03213 10.1029/95JD03353 10.1029/93GL02418 10.1063/1.1137316 10.1038/363509a0 10.1038/38378 10.1029/91JD02728 10.1029/94GL02781 10.1364/AO.33.000454 10.1029/94GL02373 10.1038/373399a0 10.1029/96GL01543 10.1029/94JD02744 10.1029/94GL02806 10.1029/94GL00303 10.1029/95JD02932 10.1029/93JD02932 10.1029/96GL01678 10.1029/91GL02942 |
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| Issue | 7 |
| Keywords | Hydrogen Chlorides Volcanic eruption Chemical reaction Aircraft observation Stratosphere Activation Sulfates Stratospheric aerosol Concentration distribution Heterogeneous reaction |
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| Snippet | In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) has... In situ measurements of hydrochloric acid in the lower stratosphere reveal that its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (Cl y ) has... |
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| SubjectTerms | Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Physics of the high neutral atmosphere |
| Title | Evolution of HCL concentrations in the lower stratosphere from 1991 to 1996 following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo |
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